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      Fortalecimento da atenção primária à saúde: estratégia para potencializar a coordenação dos cuidados Translated title: Strengthening primary health care: a strategy to maximize coordination of care

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar ações empreendidas em quatro centros urbanos para fortalecer a estratégia saúde da família (ESF) no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados estudos de caso em Aracaju, Belo Horizonte, Florianópolis e Vitória com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo transversal com questionários aplicados a amostras de profissionais e usuários da ESF. RESULTADOS: Em todos os municípios foram identificadas ações para fortalecer os serviços de atenção primária à saúde, com destaque para: aumento da oferta de atenção primária à saúde com diminuição das barreiras de acesso, estruturação dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde como porta de entrada do sistema, ampliação da resolutividade (apoio diagnóstico e terapêutico, promoção da interlocução entre equipamentos da rede de serviços para organizar o processo de trabalho, capacitação, supervisão) e articulação entre ações de vigilância e assistência. CONCLUSÕES: Os municípios investigados apresentam experiências consolidadas de reorganização do modelo assistencial com base em uma atenção primária à saúde fortalecida, com potencial para tornar-se coordenadora dos cuidados. Todavia, para efetivar a função de porta de entrada e serviço de uso regular são necessárias ações para equalizar o atendimento das demandas programada e espontânea, sendo que a última representa o maior desafio à organização do processo de trabalho das equipes. A conquista de apoio e legitimidade para a ESF é um tema pendente. Iniciativas para divulgar a ESF são necessárias entre a população, profissionais de todos os níveis e organizações da sociedade civil.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the actions developed in four large cities to strengthen the family health strategy (FHS) in Brazil. METHODS: Case studies were carried out in Aracaju, Belo Horizonte, Florianópolis, and Vitória based on semi-structured interviews with health care managers. In addition, a cross-sectional study was conducted with questionnaires administered to a sample of FHS workers and services users. RESULTS: Actions needed to strengthen primary health care services were identified in all four cities. These include increasing the number of services offered at the primary health care level, removing barriers to access, restructuring primary services as the entry point to the health care system, enhancing problem-solving capacity (diagnostic and therapeutic support and networking between health units to organize the work process, training, and supervision), as well as improving articulation between surveillance and care actions. CONCLUSIONS: The cities studied have gained solid experience in the reorganization of the health care model based on a strengthening of health primary care and of the capacity to undertake the role of health care coordinator. However, to make the primary care level the customary entry point and first choice for users, additional actions are required to balance supplier-induced and consumer-driven demands. Consumerdriven demand is the biggest challenge for the organization of teamwork processes. Support for and recognition of FHS as a basis for primary health care is still an issue. Initiatives to make FHS better known to the population, health care professionals at all levels, and civil society organizations are still needed.

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          Contribution of primary care to health systems and health.

          Evidence of the health-promoting influence of primary care has been accumulating ever since researchers have been able to distinguish primary care from other aspects of the health services delivery system. This evidence shows that primary care helps prevent illness and death, regardless of whether the care is characterized by supply of primary care physicians, a relationship with a source of primary care, or the receipt of important features of primary care. The evidence also shows that primary care (in contrast to specialty care) is associated with a more equitable distribution of health in populations, a finding that holds in both cross-national and within-national studies. The means by which primary care improves health have been identified, thus suggesting ways to improve overall health and reduce differences in health across major population subgroups.
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            Atenção primária: equilíbrio entre necessidades de saúde serviços e tecnologia

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              The breadth of primary care: a systematic literature review of its core dimensions

              Background Even though there is general agreement that primary care is the linchpin of effective health care delivery, to date no efforts have been made to systematically review the scientific evidence supporting this supposition. The aim of this study was to examine the breadth of primary care by identifying its core dimensions and to assess the evidence for their interrelations and their relevance to outcomes at (primary) health system level. Methods A systematic review of the primary care literature was carried out, restricted to English language journals reporting original research or systematic reviews. Studies published between 2003 and July 2008 were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, King's Fund Database, IDEAS Database, and EconLit. Results Eighty-five studies were identified. This review was able to provide insight in the complexity of primary care as a multidimensional system, by identifying ten core dimensions that constitute a primary care system. The structure of a primary care system consists of three dimensions: 1. governance; 2. economic conditions; and 3. workforce development. The primary care process is determined by four dimensions: 4. access; 5. continuity of care; 6. coordination of care; and 7. comprehensiveness of care. The outcome of a primary care system includes three dimensions: 8. quality of care; 9. efficiency care; and 10. equity in health. There is a considerable evidence base showing that primary care contributes through its dimensions to overall health system performance and health. Conclusions A primary care system can be defined and approached as a multidimensional system contributing to overall health system performance and health.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                February 2011
                : 29
                : 2
                : 84-95
                Affiliations
                [01] Santo Antônio de Jesus BA orgnameUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia orgdiv1Centro de Ciências da Saúde Brasil patty@ 123456ensp.fiocruz.br
                [02] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca orgdiv2Escola de Governo em Saúde Brasil
                [03] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameFIOCRUZ orgdiv1ENSP orgdiv2Departamento de Administração e Planejamento em Saúde Brasil
                Article
                S1020-49892011000200003 S1020-4989(11)02900203
                10.1590/s1020-49892011000200003
                21437365
                0fde3d39-3f9d-494c-b797-e4d5533f3b17

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 October 2010
                : 23 May 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)

                Brasil,programa saúde da família,Primary health care,Atenção primária à saúde,organização e administração,family health program,organization and administration,Brazil

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