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Abstract

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy. Pregnancy IPV is a significant problem worldwide, with rates varying significantly by country and maternal risk factors. Pregnancy IPV is associated with adverse newborn outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm birth. Many mechanisms for how IPV may impact birth outcomes have been proposed and include direct health, mental health, and behavioral effects, which all may interact. Screening for IPV during pregnancy is essential, yet due to time constraints and few clear recommendations for assessment, many prenatal providers do not routinely inquire about IPV, or even believe they should. More training is needed to assist health care providers in identifying and managing pregnancy IPV, with additional research needed to inform effective interventions to reduce the rates of pregnancy IPV and resultant outcomes.

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Most cited references 50

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Battering in pregnancy: an assessment of two screening methods.

Andrew L. Norton, J Peipert, S Zierler … (1995)

To compare two different screening techniques for identifying women with a history of domestic violence or battering in the current pregnancy. The five-question Abuse Assessment Screen was incorporated into routine social service interviews and applied prospectively to all registrants for routine prenatal care at Women & Infants' Hospital during an initial social service evaluation from September 7 through October 29, 1993. This group (N = 143) was compared to a historical control group of all new registrants from July 12 through September 3, 1993 (N = 191) who had routine interviews by social services. Demographic and medical data were compared, as well as the specific information addressed by the screen, including history of domestic violence, physical or sexual violence within the last year, violence during the current pregnancy, recent sexual abuse, and fear of partner. The median age of the study population was 23 years old, 50% were white, 63% were single, and 42% had no insurance. There was a higher detection of violence in all categories using the Abuse Assessment Screen compared with the standard interview--any history: 41 versus 14% (relative risk [RR] 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0-4.5); recent history: 15 versus 3% (RR 5.6, CI 2.2-14.5); during pregnancy: 10 versus 1% (RR 9.3, CI 2.2-40.5); recent sexual abuse: 4 versus 0% (P = .006); and fear of abuser: 6 versus 3% (RR 1.8, CI 0.6-5.0). Use of a structured screen improves detection rates of battering both before and during pregnancy, enabling clinicians to have a greater opportunity to intervene.

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Ethnic differences in intimate partner violence in the U.S. general population: the role of alcohol use and socioeconomic status.

Martin J. Field, Raul Caetano (2004)

This article reviews cross-sectional and longitudinal research on ethnic differences related to intimate partner violence (IPV) in the U.S. general population and the role of alcohol use and socioeconomic characteristics. Evidence indicates that significant ethnic differences exist in the prevalence of IPV. Although ethnic minorities report higher rates of IPV, differences in crude rates are reduced after controlling for socioeconomic circumstances and alcohol use. However, Black couples appear to be at greater risk of IPV than their White or Hispanic counterparts even after controlling for such risk factors. Overall, socioeconomic characteristics,demographic characteristics, and alcohol use appear to play important roles in the occurrence of IPV. These findings suggests that IPV continues to be a significant public health problem and represents an area of health disparity for ethnic minorities.

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Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to the onset of premature labour.

Scott Webster, Charles Newton, N Maskrey … (1979)

A modified life events inventory was presented over a four-month period to 132 consecutive women going into spontaneous labour in Hull and Manchester. Three study groups were identified according to the duration of pregnancy. The levels of psychosocial stress in pregnancy were found to be particularly high in the mothers whose babies were born preterm. Stressful events may precipitate preterm labour in some women. The concept of antenatal care may have to be broadened if the incidence of premature labour and resulting perinatal mortality are to be reduced.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Womens Health

Journal ID (publisher-id): International Journal of Women's Health

Title: International Journal of Women's Health

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1411

Publication date (Electronic): 9 August 2010

Publication date Collection: 2010

Volume: 2

Pages: 183-197

Affiliations

Department of Family Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA

Author notes

Correspondence: Beth A Bailey, Department of Family Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70621, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA, Tel +1 423 439 6477, Fax +1 423 439 2440, Email nordstro@ 123456etsu.edu

Article

Publisher ID: ijwh-2-183

DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S8632

PMC ID: 2971723

PubMed ID: 21072311

SO-VID: 103107b4-d23e-4ad8-92d6-79178e748e58

License:

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 24 June 2010

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Partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence, effects, screening, and management

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Abstract

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Advocacy for Maternal and Women’s Health

Most cited references 50

Battering in pregnancy: an assessment of two screening methods.

Ethnic differences in intimate partner violence in the U.S. general population: the role of alcohol use and socioeconomic status.

Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to the onset of premature labour.

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