Metales de valor añadido en los ríos salado ubicados en las cuencas Sama y Locumba (Región de Tacna - Perú) y su correlación con arsénico y boro  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Added-value metals in the salado rivers located in the Sama and Locumba basins (Tacna Region - Peru) and their correlation with arsenic and boron </span>

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Abstract

RESUMEN Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron identificar y cuantificar metales con valor añadido potencialmente comercializables de ser recuperados o extraídos en dos ríos denominados Salado; uno ubicado en la cuenca hidrográfica de Locumba (Salado-Locumba) y el otro en la cuenca hidrográfica de Sama (Salado-Sama). Además, realizar un análisis de correlación de los contenidos de arsénico (As) y boro (B) presentes en 14 puntos de muestreo ubicados en diferentes fuentes de agua a lo largo de las dos cuencas. Se analizaron 49 elementos utilizando ICP-MS, en muestras de agua para determinar metales totales y disueltos. En los análisis de correlación, asociación y reducción de variables se aplicaron métodos estadísticos robustos. Los metales de valor añadido identificados fueron: Li, Rb, Cs y Ge en concentraciones de 1,818±0,415 mg/L, 0,248±0,048 mg/L, 0,361±0,104 mg/L y 0,005±0,002 mg/L en el río Salado-Locumba y 1,950±0,544 mg/L, 0,343±0,090 mg/L, 0,401±0,096 mg/L y 0,005±0,002 mg/L en el río Salado-Sama, respectivamente. Se determinó que la correlación entre las concentraciones de los elementos químicos de valor añadido Li, Rb, Cs y los elementos As y B presentes en 14 puntos de muestreo ubicados en diferentes fuentes de agua a lo largo de las dos cuencas, son estadísticamente significativos, positivos y altos (r>0,7 y p<0,01).

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to identify and quantify potentially marketable added value metals, if recovered or extracted, in two rivers called Salado; one located in the Locumba basin (Salado-Locumba) and the other in the Sama basin (Salado-Sama). In addition, perform a correlation analysis of the arsenic (As) and boron (B) contents present in 14 sampling points located in different water sources throughout the two basins. Total and dissolved metals (49) in samples were analyzed using ICP-MS. Robust statistical methods were applied in the correlation, association and reduction analysis of variables. The identified value-added metals were: Li, Rb, Cs and Ge in concentrations of 1,818±0,415 mg/L, 0,248±0,048 mg/L, 0,361±0,104 mg/L and 0,005±0,002 mg/L in the Salado-Locumba river, and 1,950±0,544 mg/L, 0,343±0,090 mg/L, 0,401±0,096 mg/L and 0,005±0,002 mg/L in the Salado-Sama river, respectively. It was determined that the correlation between the concentrations of the added value chemical elements Li, Rb, Cs and the elements As and B present in 14 sampling points located in different water sources along the two basins the two basins, are statistically significant, positive and high (r > 0,7 and p < 0,01).

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One century of arsenic exposure in Latin America: a review of history and occurrence from 14 countries.

Jochen Bundschuh, Marta Litter, Faruque Parvez … (2012)

The global impact on public health of elevated arsenic (As) in water supplies is highlighted by an increasing number of countries worldwide reporting high As concentrations in drinking water. In Latin America, the problem of As contamination in water is known in 14 out of 20 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru and Uruguay. Considering the 10 μg/L limit for As in drinking water established by international and several national agencies, the number of exposed people is estimated to be about 14 million. Health effects of As exposure were identified for the first time already in the 1910s in Bellville (Córdoba province, Argentina). Nevertheless, contamination of As in waters has been detected in 10 Latin American countries only within the last 10 to 15 years. Arsenic is mobilized predominantly from young volcanic rocks and their weathering products. In alluvial aquifers, which are water sources frequently used for water supply, desorption of As from metal oxyhydroxides at high pH (>8) is the predominant mobility control; redox conditions are moderate reducing to oxidizing and As(V) is the predominant species. In the Andes, the Middle American cordillera and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, oxidation of sulfide minerals is the primary As mobilization process. Rivers that originate in the Andean mountains, transport As to more densely populated areas in the lowlands (e.g. Rímac river in Peru, Pilcomayo river in Bolivia/Argentina/Paraguay). In many parts of Latin America, As often occurs together with F and B; in the Chaco-Pampean plain As is found additionally with V, Mo and U whereas in areas with sulfide ore deposits As often occurs together with heavy metals. These co-occurrences and the anthropogenic activities in mining areas that enhance the mobilization of As and other pollutants make more dramatic the environmental problem.