Inactivation of Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in platelet concentrates and plasma by ultraviolet C light and methylene blue plus visible light, respectively

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Ebola virus (EBOV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) have been identified as potential threats to blood safety. This study investigated the efficacy of the THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets and THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma pathogen inactivation systems to inactivate EBOV and MERS‐CoV in platelet concentrates (PCs) and plasma, respectively.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

PCs and plasma were spiked with high titers of cell culture–derived EBOV and MERS‐CoV, treated with various light doses of ultraviolet C (UVC; THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets) or methylene blue (MB) plus visible light (MB/light; THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma), and assessed for residual viral infectivity.

RESULTS

UVC reduced EBOV (≥4.5 log) and MERS‐CoV (≥3.7 log) infectivity in PCs to the limit of detection, and MB/light decreased EBOV (≥4.6 log) and MERS‐CoV (≥3.3 log) titers in plasma to nondetectable levels.

CONCLUSIONS

Both THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets (UVC) and THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma (MB/light) effectively reduce EBOV and MERS‐CoV infectivity in platelets and plasma, respectively.

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Most cited references 29

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Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Christian Drosten, Stephan Günther, Wolfgang Preiser … (2003)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has recently been identified as a new clinical entity. SARS is thought to be caused by an unknown infectious agent. Clinical specimens from patients with SARS were searched for unknown viruses with the use of cell cultures and molecular techniques. A novel coronavirus was identified in patients with SARS. The virus was isolated in cell culture, and a sequence 300 nucleotides in length was obtained by a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based random-amplification procedure. Genetic characterization indicated that the virus is only distantly related to known coronaviruses (identical in 50 to 60 percent of the nucleotide sequence). On the basis of the obtained sequence, conventional and real-time PCR assays for specific and sensitive detection of the novel virus were established. Virus was detected in a variety of clinical specimens from patients with SARS but not in controls. High concentrations of viral RNA of up to 100 million molecules per milliliter were found in sputum. Viral RNA was also detected at extremely low concentrations in plasma during the acute phase and in feces during the late convalescent phase. Infected patients showed seroconversion on the Vero cells in which the virus was isolated. The novel coronavirus might have a role in causing SARS. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society

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Emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety.

Martin L Katz, Peyton Metzel, Melissa K. Gregory … (2009)

Emerging infections have been identified as a continuing threat to human health. Many such infections are known to be transmissible by blood transfusion, while others have properties indicating this potential. There has been no comprehensive review of such infectious agents and their threat to transfusion recipient safety to date. The members of AABB's Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Committee reviewed a large number of information sources in order to identify infectious agents with actual or potential risk of transfusion transmission now or in the future in the US or Canada; with few exceptions, these agents do not have available interventions to reduce the risk of such transmission. Using a group discussion and writing process, key characteristics of each agent were identified, researched, recorded and documented in standardized format. A group process was used to prioritize each agent on the basis of scientific/epidemiologic data and a subjective assessment of public perception and/or concern expressed by regulatory agencies. Sixty-eight infectious agents were identified and are described in detail in a single Supplement to TRANSFUSION. Key information will also be provided in web-based form and updated as necessary. The highest priorities were assigned to Babesia species, Dengue virus, and vCJD. The information is expected to support the needs of clinicians and transfusion medicine experts in the recognition and management of emerging infections among blood donors and blood recipients.

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Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents.

D. FRANZ, P B Jahrling, A Friedlander … (1997)

Concern regarding the use of biological agents--bacteria, viruses, or toxins--as tools of warfare or terrorism has led to measures to deter their use or, failing that, to deal with the consequences. Unlike chemical agents, which typically lead to violent disease syndromes within minutes at the site of exposure, diseases resulting from biological agents have incubation periods of days. Therefore, rather than a paramedic, it will likely be a physician who is first faced with evidence of the results of a biological attack. We provide here a primer on 10 classic biological warfare agents to increase the likelihood of their being considered in a differential diagnosis. Although the resultant diseases are rarely seen in many countries today, accepted diagnostic and epidemiologic principles apply; if the cause is identified quickly, appropriate therapy can be initiated and the impact of a terrorist attack greatly reduced.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Axel Seltsam: axel.seltsam@bsd-nstob.de

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Transfusion

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transfusion

Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1537-2995

Journal ID (publisher-id): TRF

Title: Transfusion

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Print): 0041-1132

ISSN (Electronic): 1537-2995

Publication date (Electronic): 06 May 2018

Publication date (Print): September 2018

Volume: 58

Issue: 9 ( doiID: 10.1111/trf.2018.58.issue-9 )

Pages: 2202-2207

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg Marburg Germany

[ ² ] German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB Springe Germany

[ ³ ] Macopharma International GmbH Langen Germany

Author notes

[*] [* ] Address reprint requests to: Axel Seltsam, German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe, Eldagsener Strasse 38, 31832 Springe, Germany; e‐mail: axel.seltsam@ 123456bsd-nstob.de .

[†]

ME and UG contributed equally to this work.

Article

Publisher ID: TRF14652

DOI: 10.1111/trf.14652

PMC ID: 7169708

PubMed ID: 29732571

SO-VID: 10c3b70d-0669-462e-bb62-08f5fc139053

License:

This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

History

Date received : 01 March 2018

Date revision received : 22 March 2018

Date accepted : 23 March 2018

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Pages: 6, Words: 3930

Funding

Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft der Blutspendedienste des Deutschen Roten Kreuzes

Funded by: Macopharma S.A.S

Custom metadata

source-schema-version-number 2.0

cover-date September 2018

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.0 mode:remove_FC converted:15.04.2020

Inactivation of Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in platelet concentrates and plasma by ultraviolet C light and methylene blue plus visible light, respectively

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

Related collections

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Most cited references 29

Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety.

Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents.

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Contributors

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Affiliations

Author notes

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