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      IL-33 receptor (T1/ST2) signalling is necessary to prevent the development of encephalitis in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

      European Journal of Immunology
      Animals, Body Weight, Brain, metabolism, parasitology, pathology, Encephalitis, immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Interferon-gamma, genetics, Interleukin-4, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Knockout, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Receptors, Cell Surface, Receptors, Interleukin, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Signal Transduction, Toxoplasma, growth & development, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Transcriptional Activation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

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          Abstract

          T1/ST2 is an immunoregulatory protein of the IL-1 receptor family that has recently been reported as being a component of the IL-33 receptor. IL-33 is a newly described cytokine known to amplify the Th2 response and reduce production of Th1 cytokines. The function of T1/ST2 during Toxoplasma gondii infection is as yet undescribed. Given the requirement of a balanced type 1/type 2 response for effective control of parasite number and immunopathology, it is likely that T1/ST2 may play a part in aiding this process. Accordingly, we have shown that T1/ST2 mRNA transcripts are upregulated in the brains of mice infected with T. gondii and that mice deficient in T1/ST2 demonstrated increased susceptibility to infection with T. gondii that correlated with increased pathology and greater parasite burden in the brains. Real-time PCR analysis of cerebral cytokine levels revealed increased mRNA levels of iNOS, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in infected T1/ST2(-/-) mice. These effects were independent of changes in IL-10 production. This study provides the first evidence of a specific role for IL-33 receptor signalling in the brain as well as highlighting the requirement of this mechanism in limiting infection with an intracellular parasite.

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