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      Call for Papers: Preclinical Investigations of Nutrigenetic/Nutrigenomic Targets

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      About Lifestyle Genomics: 2.6 Impact Factor I 3.7 CiteScore I 0.539 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Dietary Intakes and Familial Correlates of Overweight/Obesity: A Four-Cities Study in India

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          Abstract

          Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is increasing in India. However, knowledge of, attitude towards and practice of health and nutrition in mothers and children have not been researched. Objective: To assess knowledge of, attitude towards and practice of nutrition, physical activity and other lifestyle practices in a nationally representative sample of urban children and mothers in India. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of 1,800 children aged 9-18 years and their mothers, using qualitative (focus group) and quantitative (semi-structured survey) data. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity among the children was 19.2% in males and 18.1% in females; 64.8% of mothers were either overweight [body mass index (BMI) 23.0-24.9; 23.3%] or obese (BMI >25.0; 41.5%). Household family income, related socioeconomic factors, and overweight in mothers were most significantly associated with obesity in children (all p ≤ 0.001). Dietary consumption patterns (snacking, fast food etc.) showed a marked association between mothers and children (all p ≤ 0.000). Focus group discussion revealed several interesting attitudes and misconceptions among children (‘home-cooked food is old fashioned') and mothers (‘a child with chubby cheeks is healthy, not fat'). Importantly, only a few mothers understood that excess weight or diets are contributory factors of morbidities in children or themselves. Conclusions: This study highlights the poor knowledge, faulty attitudes and practices of urban Asian Indian mothers and their children in a highly correlated manner. These knowledge gaps must be addressed to formulate effective strategies for the prevention of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

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          Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries.

          Anoop Misra, Lokesh Khurana (2008)
          Prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is rapidly increasing in developing countries, leading to increased morbidity and mortality due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Literature search was carried out using the terms obesity, insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia, nutrition, physical activity, and developing countries, from PubMed from 1966 to June 2008 and from web sites and published documents of the World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization. With improvement in economic situation in developing countries, increasing prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is seen in adults and particularly in children. The main causes are increasing urbanization, nutrition transition, and reduced physical activity. Furthermore, aggressive community nutrition intervention programs for undernourished children may increase obesity. Some evidence suggests that widely prevalent perinatal undernutrition and childhood catch-up obesity may play a role in adult-onset metabolic syndrome and T2DM. The economic cost of obesity and related diseases in developing countries, having meager health budgets is enormous. To prevent increasing morbidity and mortality due to obesity-related T2DM and cardiovascular disease in developing countries, there is an urgent need to initiate large-scale community intervention programs focusing on increased physical activity and healthier food options, particularly for children. International health agencies and respective government should intensively focus on primordial and primary prevention programs for obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries.
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            Childhood obesity and adult morbidities.

            Frank M. Biro, Michelle Wien (2010)
            The prevalence and severity of obesity have increased in recent years, likely the result of complex interactions between genes, dietary intake, physical activity, and the environment. The expression of genes favoring the storage of excess calories as fat, which have been selected for over many millennia and are relatively static, has become maladaptive in a rapidly changing environment that minimizes opportunities for energy expenditure and maximizes opportunities for energy intake. The consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity include earlier puberty and menarche in girls, type 2 diabetes and increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome in youth and adults, and obesity in adulthood. These changes are associated with cardiovascular disease as well as with several cancers in adults, likely through insulin resistance and production of inflammatory cytokines. Although concerns have arisen regarding environmental exposures, there have been no formal expert recommendations. Currently, the most important factors underlying the obesity epidemic are the current opportunities for energy intake coupled with limited energy expenditure.
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              Obesity, diets, and social inequalities.

              Adam Drewnowski (2009)
              Obesity and type 2 diabetes follow a socioeconomic gradient. Highest rates are observed among groups with the lowest levels of education and income and in the most deprived areas. Inequitable access to healthy foods is one mechanism by which socioeconomic factors influence the diet and health of a population. As incomes drop, energy-dense foods that are nutrient poor become the best way to provide daily calories at an affordable cost. By contrast, nutrient-rich foods and high-quality diets not only cost more but are consumed by more affluent groups. This article discusses obesity as an economic phenomenon. Obesity is the toxic consequence of economic insecurity and a failing economic environment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ANM
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ann Nutr Metab
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0250-6807
                Title: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0250-6807
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9697
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2013
                Publication date (Print): July 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 May 2013
                Volume: 62
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 279-290
                Affiliations
                aNational Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, bDiabetes Foundation (India), SDA, cCenter for Nutrition and Metabolic Research (C-NET), SDA, dFortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, India; eMenzies School of Health Research, Wellbeing and Chronic Diseases Division, Darwin, N.T., Australia; fPublic Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; gDepartment of Pediatrics, Children Hospital of Michigan, hDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich., USA; iAgra Diabetes Forum, Agra, jHealth First Organization, Bangalore, kKing Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
                Author notes
                *Anoop Misra, Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Obesity,, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070 (India), E-Mail anoopmisra@metabolicresearchindia.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 346554 Other ID: Ann Nutr Metab 2013;62:279-290
                DOI: 10.1159/000346554
                PubMed ID: 23689065
                SO-VID: 123d77fb-bc45-45c8-aba8-a7735486232e
                Copyright © © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 13 July 2012
                Date accepted : 16 December 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, Pages: 12
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics,Health & Social care,Public health
                Keywords: Adolescent,Family,Socioeconomic status,Asian Indians,Body mass index,Children,Overweight
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics, Health & Social care, Public health
                Keywords: Adolescent, Family, Socioeconomic status, Asian Indians, Body mass index, Children, Overweight

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