Epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Mianyang, Sichuan, 2015-2018

Abstract

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Mianyang City from 2015 and 2018, and we provide scientific basis for prevention and control of HFMD.

Methods The data of HFMD in Mianyang city during 2015-2018 were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method.

Results A total of 18 573 HFMD cases were reported in Mianyang city from 2015 to 2018, with an annual average incidence of 97.32/10 ⁵, including 54 severe cases (0.29%); The cases were mainly focus on April-July and October- November, accounting for 40.58% (7 587 cases) and 32.52% (6 040 cases); the age of high incidence was scattered children under 5 years old, a total of 17 957 cases were reported, accounting for 96.68%, of which the group aged 1–3 years was particularly prominent (16 223 cases, 87.35%); The distribution of occupations was mainly scattered children, with a total of 12 213 cases reported, accounting for 65.76%; There were 11 003 cases of men and 7 570 cases of women, the ratio of men to women was 1.45 : 1, and the incidence of men was higher than that of women. A total of 4 690 pathogen positive specimens were detected in Mianyang from 2015-2018, Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackie virus A16 (CoxA16) and other enteroviruses (EV) accounted for 10.77%, 25.67% and 63.56% of laboratory confirmed HFMD cases, respectively.The constituent ratios of different types of pathogens were statistically significant in each year (χ ²=1 288.125, P< 0.01 ).

Conclusion HFMD in Mianyang city showed a high incidence of the epidemic situation. In general, the seasonal distribution is bimodal. Children under 5 years old are the main patients, and the incidence of severe diseases decreases year by year, and the predominant strains changed in different years. The prevention and control measures should be adjusted according to the transformation of dominant strains, and will strengthen prevention and control of key areas and population.

Abstract

摘要： 目的 分析四川省绵阳市 2015—2018 年手足口病的流行病学特征, 为今后手足口病防控工作提供科学依 据。 方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集绵阳市 2015—2018 年手足口病数据进行描述性流行病学分析。 结果 2015—2018 年共报告手足口病病例 18 573 例, 年平均发病率为 97.32/10 万, 重症病例 54 例, 占病例总数的 0.29% ；病例主要集中在 4—7 月和 10—11 月, 分别占病例总数的40.85% (7 587 例) 和32.52%(6 040例) 。病例年龄主要 集中在 5 岁以下儿童, 共报告 17 957 例 (占 96.68%), 其中 1~3 岁组尤为突出 (16 223例, 占 87.35%)；职业分布以散居儿 童为主, 共报告 12 213 例, 占总病例的 65.76% ；男性 11 003 例, 女性 7 570 例, 男女比例为 1.45：1, 男性发病率高于女性。 病原学监测结果显示, 2015—2018 年绵阳市共检出肠道病毒阳性标本 4 690 份, 肠道病毒 71 型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒 A16 型 (CoxA16) 和其他肠道病毒构成比分别为 10.77%、25.67%、63.56%。各年份不同类型病原构成比差异有统计学 意义 (χ ² = 1 288.125, P<0.01)。 结论 绵阳市 2015—2018 年手足口病呈隔年高发流行态势, 总体呈双峰的季节分布, 5 岁以下儿童为主要发病人群, 重症发生率逐年下降, 不同年份优势毒株有所变化。应加强病原学监测, 加强重点地区、 重点人群的防控。