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Abstract
The application of molecular tools to the characterisation of the aetiological agents
of echinococcosis has revealed a series of largely host-adapted species and genotypes
that are maintained in distinct cycles of transmission. They can be defined on both
genetic and phenotypic characteristics which complement previous observations made
by descriptive parasitologists many years ago. A revised taxonomy for species in the
genus Echinococcus has been proposed and widely accepted, particularly with respect
to forms maintained in transmission cycles involving sheep, horses and cattle. However,
molecular epidemiological studies are required in a number of endemic areas in order
to determine cycles of transmission responsible for maintaining the parasite. The
taxonomic status of forms in cervids, pigs and camels has still to be resolved, and
the status and epidemiological significance of newly described species in China requires
further research.