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      Drought stress has transgenerational effects on soybean seed germination and seedling vigor

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          Abstract

          Effects of environmental stressors on the parent may be transmitted to the F1 generation of plants that support global food, oil, and energy production for humans and animals. This study was conducted to determine if the effects of drought stress on parental soybean plants are transmitted to the F1 generation. The germination and seedling vigor of F1 soybean whose maternal parents, Asgrow AG5332 and Progeny P5333RY, were exposed to soil moisture stress, that is, 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% replacement of evapotranspiration (ET) during reproductive growth, were evaluated under controlled conditions. Pooled over cultivars, effects of soil moisture stress on the parents caused a reduction in the seed germination rate, maximum seed germination, and overall seedling performance in the F1 generation. The effect of soil moisture stress on the parent environment induced seed quality that carried on the F1 generation seed gemination and seedling traits under optimum conditions and further exasperated when exposed to increasing levels of drought stress. Results indicate that seed weight and storage reserve are key factors positively associated with germination traits and seedling growth. Our data confirm that the effects of soil moisture stress on soybean are transferable, causing reduced germination, seedling vigor, and seed quality in the F1 generation. Therefore, optimal water supply during soybean seed formation period may be beneficial for seed producers in terms of optimizing seed quality and vigor characteristics of commodity seed.

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          Crop Production under Drought and Heat Stress: Plant Responses and Management Options

          Abiotic stresses are one of the major constraints to crop production and food security worldwide. The situation has aggravated due to the drastic and rapid changes in global climate. Heat and drought are undoubtedly the two most important stresses having huge impact on growth and productivity of the crops. It is very important to understand the physiological, biochemical, and ecological interventions related to these stresses for better management. A wide range of plant responses to these stresses could be generalized into morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses. Interestingly, this review provides a detailed account of plant responses to heat and drought stresses with special focus on highlighting the commonalities and differences. Crop growth and yields are negatively affected by sub-optimal water supply and abnormal temperatures due to physical damages, physiological disruptions, and biochemical changes. Both these stresses have multi-lateral impacts and therefore, complex in mechanistic action. A better understanding of plant responses to these stresses has pragmatic implication for remedies and management. A comprehensive account of conventional as well as modern approaches to deal with heat and drought stresses have also been presented here. A side-by-side critical discussion on salient responses and management strategies for these two important abiotic stresses provides a unique insight into the phenomena. A holistic approach taking into account the different management options to deal with heat and drought stress simultaneously could be a win-win approach in future.
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            Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review

            The focus of the great majority of climate change impact studies is on changes in mean climate. In terms of climate model output, these changes are more robust than changes in climate variability. By concentrating on changes in climate means, the full impacts of climate change on biological and human systems are probably being seriously underestimated. Here, we briefly review the possible impacts of changes in climate variability and the frequency of extreme events on biological and food systems, with a focus on the developing world. We present new analysis that tentatively links increases in climate variability with increasing food insecurity in the future. We consider the ways in which people deal with climate variability and extremes and how they may adapt in the future. Key knowledge and data gaps are highlighted. These include the timing and interactions of different climatic stresses on plant growth and development, particularly at higher temperatures, and the impacts on crops, livestock and farming systems of changes in climate variability and extreme events on pest-weed-disease complexes. We highlight the need to reframe research questions in such a way that they can provide decision makers throughout the food system with actionable answers, and the need for investment in climate and environmental monitoring. Improved understanding of the full range of impacts of climate change on biological and food systems is a critical step in being able to address effectively the effects of climate variability and extreme events on human vulnerability and food security, particularly in agriculturally based developing countries facing the challenge of having to feed rapidly growing populations in the coming decades.
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              Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal aperture – not by affecting ATP synthesis

              G. Cornic (2000)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                9 September 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 9
                : e0214977
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
                [2 ] Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States of America
                [3 ] USDA UVB Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, and Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
                [4 ] USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Crop Genetics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, United States of America
                Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, SPAIN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-7755
                Article
                PONE-D-19-08301
                10.1371/journal.pone.0214977
                6733489
                31498795
                1375c262-fef2-4c7f-83b0-fe53b3eb51c2
                © 2019 Wijewardana et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 22 March 2019
                : 22 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 2, Pages: 20
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005825, National Institute of Food and Agriculture;
                Award ID: 2016-34263-25763 and NIFA-MIS 043040
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by KRR and Wei Gao, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, 2016-34263-25763 and NIFA-MIS 043040.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Anatomy
                Seeds
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Physiology
                Plant Reproduction
                Seed Germination
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Physiology
                Plant Defenses
                Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Pathology
                Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Ecology
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Environment Interactions
                Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Ecology
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Environment Interactions
                Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Ecology
                Plant-Environment Interactions
                Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Agriculture
                Crop Science
                Crops
                Soybean
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Plants
                Seedlings
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Anatomy
                Leaves
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Osmotic Shock
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Soil Science
                Edaphology
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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