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      São Paulo School of Advanced Sciences on Vaccines: an overview

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          Abstract

          Two years ago, we held an exciting event entitled the São Paulo School of Advanced Sciences on Vaccines (SPSASV). Sixty-eight Ph.D. students, postdoctoral fellows and independent researchers from 37 different countries met at the Mendes Plaza Hotel located in the city of Santos, SP - Brazil to discuss the challenges and the new frontiers of vaccinology. The SPSASV provided a critical and comprehensive view of vaccine research from basics to the current state-of-the-art techniques performed worldwide. For 10 days, we discussed all the aspects of vaccine development in 36 lectures, 53 oral presentations and 2 poster sessions. At the end of the course, participants were further encouraged to present a model of a grant proposal related to vaccine development against individual pathogens. Among the targeted pathogens were viruses (Chikungunya, HIV, RSV, and Influenza), bacteria ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pyogenes), parasites ( Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax), and the worm Strongyloides stercoralis. This report highlights some of the knowledge shared at the SPSASV.

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          Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans.

          A major challenge in vaccinology is to prospectively determine vaccine efficacy. Here we have used a systems biology approach to identify early gene 'signatures' that predicted immune responses in humans vaccinated with yellow fever vaccine YF-17D. Vaccination induced genes that regulate virus innate sensing and type I interferon production. Computational analyses identified a gene signature, including complement protein C1qB and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4-an orchestrator of the integrated stress response-that correlated with and predicted YF-17D CD8(+) T cell responses with up to 90% accuracy in an independent, blinded trial. A distinct signature, including B cell growth factor TNFRS17, predicted the neutralizing antibody response with up to 100% accuracy. These data highlight the utility of systems biology approaches in predicting vaccine efficacy.
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            Protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against Zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys.

            Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for a major ongoing epidemic in the Americas and has been causally associated with fetal microcephaly. The development of a safe and effective ZIKV vaccine is therefore an urgent global health priority. Here we demonstrate that three different vaccine platforms protect against ZIKV challenge in rhesus monkeys. A purified inactivated virus vaccine induced ZIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies and completely protected monkeys against ZIKV strains from both Brazil and Puerto Rico. Purified immunoglobulin from vaccinated monkeys also conferred passive protection in adoptive transfer studies. A plasmid DNA vaccine and a single-shot recombinant rhesus adenovirus serotype 52 vector vaccine, both expressing ZIKV premembrane and envelope, also elicited neutralizing antibodies and completely protected monkeys against ZIKV challenge. These data support the rapid clinical development of ZIKV vaccines for humans.
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              Biopharmaceutical benchmarks 2014.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis
                J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis
                jvatitd
                The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
                Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos
                1678-9199
                06 April 2020
                2020
                : 26
                : e20190061
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [2 ]Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italia.
                [3 ]Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence: eduardosilveira@ 123456usp.br

                Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

                Authors' contributions: SS, VB, MRD, AMG and ID equally contributed to this manuscript and were responsible for the writing and editing of the original draft. SB, HIN, DYB, ISS, and ELVS were responsible for the conceptualization, project administration, supervision, resources, manuscript reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8333-2884
                Article
                00201
                10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2019-0061
                7187638
                13e5b652-e619-4665-b645-f86b7540e58e

                © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 12 September 2019
                : 21 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 125
                Categories
                Review

                vaccine history,who priorities and challenges,immune responses,antigen search,delivery systems and strategies

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