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      Socio-Cognitive Determinants of the Mammography Screening Uptake among Iranian Women

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Mammography screening uptake is the most effective method in breast cancer screening. The aim of this study was to determine the determinants related to mammography screening uptake among Iranian women based on the theory of planned behavior.

          Materials and Methods:

          This cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 women who referred to health centers in Kermanshah city, the western of Iran, during 2016. Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using Pearson correlation, linear and logistic regression statistical tests at 95% significant level.

          Results:

          The mean age of participants was 39.61 years [SD: 8.28], ranged from 30 to 60 years. Almost 13% of the participants had already mammography screening uptake at least once. Perceived behavioral control (OR=1.229) and behavioral intention (OR=1.283) were the more influential predictors on mammography screening uptake.

          Conclusions:

          Based on result, it seems increase perceived behavior control toward mammography screening uptake may be usefulness in promotion of mammography screening uptake among Iranian women.

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          Most cited references20

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          Breast cancer in Iran: results of a multi-center study.

          Iraj Harirchi, Mojgan Karbakhsh, Amir Kashefi … (2015)
          Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in Iranian women. This study aims to demonstrate the characteristics of breast diseases- and especially breast cancer- according to pathologic records in Tehran, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, all records of pathologic specimens (biopsy or mastectomy) categorized as "breast diseases" from 1996 to 2000 in five teaching hospitals in Tehran were studied. For each patient, sex, age, breast pathology, pathological staging of malignant lesions, side and location of the tumor and the type of surgery were reviewed by a trained general practitioner. SPSS version 10 was used for statistical analysis. The mean age of women with breast cancer was 48.8. The highest frequency of malignancies was observed in the 40-49 age group (31.8%). Twenty-three percent of breast cancers were observed in women younger than 40 years. About 83 percent of malignant lesions in women were in T2, T3 or T4 at diagnosis. Only about 4 percent of women with breast cancers had tumors in stage I or in-situ carcinomas. Nearly 70 percent of the cancers were detected only after lymph node involvement. Only 4.3 percent of our female cases had the chance of conservative mastectomy. Twenty-eight percent of specimens from biopsies in women were malignant. In Iran, breast cancer affects women at least one decade younger than their counterparts in developed countries. A considerable proportion of our cases (96%) were in stage II or III at diagnosis. These results show advanced cases at presentation in Iran which further mandate a national cancer detection program involving more effective public education and encouragement of women for breast self-examination and participation in screening campaigns.
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            Risk factors for breast cancer in Iran: a case-control study

            Mandana Ebrahimi, Mariam Vahdaninia, Ali Montazeri (2002)
            Background Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their Western counterparts. The objective of the present study was to investigate risk factors for breast cancer in Iranian women. Method A case-control study was conducted from April 1997 to April 1998 in Tehran, Iran. Demographical data and risk factor related information were collected using a short structured questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from logistic regression analysis. Results In all, 286 women with breast cancer and 249 control women were interviewed. In multivariate analysis, only marital status (never married: OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.70-10.57 [P = 0.002]; widowed/divorced: OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.05-2.68 [P = 0.03]) and family history (positive family history of breast cancer: OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.15-7.59 [P = 0.02]) were associated with significantly increased risk for breast cancer. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that family history and marital status may have an impact on the incidence of breast cancer in Iranian women.
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              Health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors among Iranian female health workers.

              Seyed Shiryazdi, Golrasteh Kholasehzadeh, Hossein Neamatzadeh … (2014)
              Breast cancer is a serious health problem. Early detection is crucial for optimal treatment and reducing mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate health beliefs concerning performance of breast self- examination (BSE) and mammography in a sample of Iranian female health workers. This cross-sectional study was performed among 441 female health care workers (physicians=88, nurses=163, midwives=38, officers=68, and others=84) in 3 different health centers in Yazd, Iran. Data were collected using a self administered questionnaire which included demographic characteristics and then Persian version of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). The mean age of the participants was 34.7±13.7. It was found that 41.9% of the workers performed BSE in the past and 14.9% of them regularly, but only 10.6% of them had undergone a mammogram. Perceived barriers to BSE (F=6.351, P=0.021) and mammography (F=5.214, p=0.022) were significantly higher in officers than physicians, nurses or midwives. Perceived barriers were lower among those who had performed BSE and mammography, but not significant (p=0.34 and p=0.56, respectively). Furthermore, perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits of the workers who had BSE and mammography were significantly higher than who did not (p<0.05). Perceived seriousness was not a significant variable in BSE and mammography (p=0.71 and p=0.43, respectively). The health beliefs of health workers concerning the perceived susceptibility of breast cancer and the perceived benefits BSE and mammography significantly impact their screening practices.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev
                Title: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
                Publisher: West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 1513-7368
                ISSN (Electronic): 2476-762X
                Publication date (Print): 2018
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 1351-1355
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah
                [2 ] Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ] For Correspondence: f_jalilian@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: APJCP-19-1351
                DOI: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.5.1351
                PMC ID: 6031812
                PubMed ID: 29802699
                SO-VID: 14de585c-0997-476b-948e-fc6b1072aae2
                Copyright © Copyright: © Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

                History
                Date received : 24 December 2017
                Date accepted : 16 February 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: breast cancer,cognitive,health psychology,behavior change
                Data availability:
                Keywords: breast cancer, cognitive, health psychology, behavior change

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