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      Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising tool in nanomedicine with particular emphasis on oncological treatment

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          Abstract

          The study describes the current state of knowledge on nanotechnology and its utilization in medicine. The focus in this manuscript was on the properties, usage safety, and potentially valuable applications of chitosan-based nanomaterials. Chitosan nanoparticles have high importance in nanomedicine, biomedical engineering, discovery and development of new drugs. The manuscript reviewed the new studies regarding the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles for creating new release systems with improved bioavailability, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity of drugs. Nowadays, effective cancer treatment is a global problem, and recent advances in nanomedicine are of great importance. Special attention was put on the application of chitosan nanoparticles in developing new system for anticancer drug delivery. Pre-clinical and clinical studies support the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine. This manuscript overviews the last progresses regarding the utilization, stability, and bioavailability of drug nanoencapsulation with chitosan and their safety.

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          The Hallmarks of Cancer

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            Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects

            Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems are a relatively new but rapidly developing science where materials in the nanoscale range are employed to serve as means of diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic agents to specific targeted sites in a controlled manner. Nanotechnology offers multiple benefits in treating chronic human diseases by site-specific, and target-oriented delivery of precise medicines. Recently, there are a number of outstanding applications of the nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents etc.) in the treatment of various diseases. The current review, presents an updated summary of recent advances in the field of nanomedicines and nano based drug delivery systems through comprehensive scrutiny of the discovery and application of nanomaterials in improving both the efficacy of novel and old drugs (e.g., natural products) and selective diagnosis through disease marker molecules. The opportunities and challenges of nanomedicines in drug delivery from synthetic/natural sources to their clinical applications are also discussed. In addition, we have included information regarding the trends and perspectives in nanomedicine area.
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              A review of chitin and chitosan applications

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                javad.sharifirad@gmail.com
                elquispe@unap.cl
                monicabutnariu@yahoo.com
                oksana.sytar@gmail.com
                simona.sestito@for.unipi.it
                simona.rapposelli@unipi.it
                makram_0451@hotmail.com
                akash.krishna193@gmail.com
                nv.anil@manipal.edu
                ncmartins@med.up.pt
                a.szopa@uj.edu.pl
                marcelo.villagran@ucsc.cl
                lmardones@ucsc.cl
                mmartorell@udec.cl
                daoana00@gmail.com
                calinadaniela@gmail.com
                Journal
                Cancer Cell Int
                Cancer Cell Int
                Cancer Cell International
                BioMed Central (London )
                1475-2867
                24 June 2021
                24 June 2021
                2021
                : 21
                : 318
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411600.2, Phytochemistry Research Center, , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]GRID grid.442126.7, ISNI 0000 0001 1945 2902, Facultad de Medicina, , Universidad del Azuay, ; Cuenca, Ecuador
                [3 ]GRID grid.412849.2, ISNI 0000 0000 9153 4251, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, , Universidad Arturo Prat, ; Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, 1110939 Iquique, Chile
                [4 ]GRID grid.472275.1, ISNI 0000 0001 1033 9276, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” From Timisoara, ; Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timis, Romania
                [5 ]GRID grid.34555.32, ISNI 0000 0004 0385 8248, Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, ; Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
                [6 ]GRID grid.15227.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2296 2655, Department of Plant Physiology, , Slovak University of Agriculture, ; Nitra, 94976 Slovak Republic
                [7 ]GRID grid.5395.a, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 3729, Department of Pharmacy, , University of Pisa, ; Via bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
                [8 ]GRID grid.411786.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0637 891X, Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, , GC University Faisalabad, ; Faisalabad, Pakistan
                [9 ]GRID grid.412080.f, ISNI 0000 0000 9363 9292, Institute of Health Management, , Dow University of Health Sciences, ; Karachi, Pakistan
                [10 ]GRID grid.411639.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0571 5193, Department of Chemistry, , Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, ; Manipal, 576104 India
                [11 ]GRID grid.7311.4, ISNI 0000000123236065, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, , University of Aveiro, ; 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
                [12 ]GRID grid.5522.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2162 9631, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, , Jagiellonian University, ; Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
                [13 ]GRID grid.5808.5, ISNI 0000 0001 1503 7226, Faculty of Medicine, , University of Porto, ; Porto, Portugal
                [14 ]GRID grid.5808.5, ISNI 0000 0001 1503 7226, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), , University of Porto, ; Porto, Portugal
                [15 ]GRID grid.421335.2, ISNI 0000 0000 7818 3776, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, , Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), ; 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
                [16 ]GRID grid.412876.e, ISNI 0000 0001 2199 9982, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory and Scientific-Technological Center for the Sustainable Development of the Coastline, , Universidad Catolica de La Santisima Concepcion, ; Concepcion, Chile
                [17 ]GRID grid.5380.e, ISNI 0000 0001 2298 9663, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, , University of Concepción, ; 4070386 Concepción, Chile
                [18 ]GRID grid.413055.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0384 6757, Department of Toxicology, , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, ; 200349 Craiova, Romania
                [19 ]GRID grid.413055.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0384 6757, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, ; 200349 Craiova, Romania
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-8151
                Article
                2025
                10.1186/s12935-021-02025-4
                8223345
                34167552
                15ec30f6-c81d-4b3d-b2f8-109d8cb3b13b
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 5 May 2021
                : 14 June 2021
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                targeted therapy,cancer,chitosan,nanomedicine,nanoparticles
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                targeted therapy, cancer, chitosan, nanomedicine, nanoparticles

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