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      Caracterización químico nutricional y análisis fitoquímico de frutos de Jarilla caudata (Caricaceae) de Jalisco, México Translated title: Nutritional chemical characterization and phytochemical analysis of fruits of Jarilla caudata (Caricaceae) from Jalisco, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: En algunos países, los habitantes de las comunidades rurales complementan su dieta con frutos obtenidos de plantas silvestres, los cuales generalmente carecen de información nutricional y fitoquímica, como ocurre con los frutos de las especies endémicas en México del género Jarilla (Caricaceae). Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la composición nutricional de frutos de Jarilla caudata en términos de su análisis químico proximal, contenido de minerales y aminoácidos, así como determinar la presencia de metabolitos secundarios, contenido total de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides. Métodos: Los frutos se colectaron en el municipio Teocuitatlán de Corona, Jalisco, en julio de 2018 y 2019. Para determinar la composición químico proximal se siguieron los métodos oficiales de análisis de AOAC. El contenido de minerales se determinó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y los aminoácidos por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución (HPLC). Para el análisis de metabolitos secundarios se utilizaron diversos reactivos, y el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides totales se cuantificó por espectrofotometría. Resultados clave: En comparación con otros frutos silvestres de la familia Caricaceae, los resultados indicaron que los frutos de J. caudata representan una buena fuente de carbohidratos y proteínas (35.7 y 18.9 g/100 g respectivamente), así como de algunos minerales (K, P y Ca). Se observó un pobre perfil y contenido de aminoácidos. El promedio de compuestos fenólicos totales fue de 387.5 mg GAE/100 mg, mientras que el de flavonoides totales fue de 56.5 mg QE/100 mg. No se detectaron compuestos considerados tóxicos o antinutricionales como alcaloides y glucósidos cianogénicos. Conclusiones: Durante el verano, los frutos de J. caudata pueden tener un papel importante como complemento alimenticio para los habitantes de la región de Teocuitatlán de Corona, aportando diferentes nutrientes, particularmente carbohidratos y proteínas, así como otros compuestos con efectos favorables para la salud como los polifenoles.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and Aims: In some countries, the inhabitants of rural communities supplement their diet with fruits obtained from wild plants, which usually lack nutritional and phytochemical information, as occurs with the fruits of the Mexican endemic species of the genus Jarilla (Caricaceae). Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the nutritional composition of Jarilla caudata fruits in terms of their proximal chemical analysis, mineral content and amino acid composition, and determine the presence of secondary metabolites, the total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Methods: The fruits were collected in the municipality Teocuitatlán de Corona, Jalisco, in July 2018 and 2019. The proximal chemical composition was analyzed using the official methods of analysis (AOAC), the mineral content was determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while the amino acids were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Various reagents were used for the preliminary determination of secondary metabolites. The content in phenolic compounds and total flavonoids was quantified by spectrophotometry. Key results: In comparison with other fruits of the Caricaceae family, the results indicated that the fruits of J. caudata represent a good source of carbohydrates and proteins (35.7 and 18.9 g/100 g, respectively), as well as some minerals (K, P and Ca). A poor amino acid profile and content was found. The average content of total phenolic compounds was 387.5 mg GAE/100 mg, while that of flavonoids was 56.5 mg QE/100 mg. Compounds considered toxic or antinutritional, such as alkaloids and cyanogenic glycosides, were not detected. Conclusions: During summer the fruits of J. caudata can play an important role as a food supplement for the inhabitants of the region of Teocuitatlán de Corona, providing different nutrients, particularly carbohydrates and proteins, as well as other compounds with favorable health effects, such as polyphenols.

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          Most cited references49

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              The role of wild fruits and vegetables in delivering a balanced and healthy diet

              Without a doubt, fruits and vegetables are important components of a balanced and healthy diet. However, their consumption is very low in the world, with the lowest figures being reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The low consumption of fruits and vegetables means unbalanced and unhealthy diets, which has been linked to various diseases and conditions associated with increased mortality rates in worst cases. Poverty is the major contributor to the low consumption of fruits and vegetables in the majority of cases. However, the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, is endowed with numerous wild fruit and vegetable species which can be exploited and incorporated into the diets and help solve some nutrition related concerns. Therefore, in this review, we explore literature on wild fruits and vegetables with a special emphasis on some of the poorest regions of the world and where the lowest consumption figures are reported; their nutritional compositions; the status of their consumption and their role in the diet with a view to uncover their possible role in delivering a healthy and balanced diet as well as helping lower food and nutrition insecurity. A total of 396 articles were downloaded and analysed but only 213 were considered for this review. The results of the search indicate that wild fruits and vegetables are nutritionally rich and high in phytochemicals, especially antioxidants and therefore can possibly play a significant and positive role in delivering a healthy and balanced diet. However, the major challenge is the acceptability, accessibility as well as a lack of interest in wild fruits and vegetables and sheer neglect. People need to be educated using various forms of media on the nutritional and health benefits of these wild food plants with a view to bring them from the forest to the plate. Researchers need to channel more efforts towards domesticating them for ease of access, among other reasons. Governments need to incentivise the subsistence or commercial production of wild fruits and vegetables in order to encourage farmers to cultivate them. However, seeds and/or seedlings need to be made available and affordable to the farmers. The 'hidden treasures' in the forests in the form of edible plants could easily play a positive and huge role in delivering a balanced and healthy diet, especially in poor parts of the world.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abm
                Acta botánica mexicana
                Act. Bot. Mex
                Instituto de Ecología A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío (Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico )
                0187-7151
                2448-7589
                2022
                : 129
                : e2100
                Affiliations
                [1] Zapopan orgnameUniversidad de Guadalajara orgdiv1Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Mexico
                [2] Sevilla orgnameUniversidad Pablo de Olavide orgdiv1Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.) Spain
                Article
                S0187-71512022000100140 S0187-7151(22)00012900140
                10.21829/abm129.2022.2100
                16505d7c-6668-42d8-90ce-190e5fecef99

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 July 2022
                : 20 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos de investigación

                amino acids,edible fruits,minerals,phenolic compounds,secondary metabolites,aminoácidos,compuestos fenólicos,frutos comestibles,metabolitos secundarios,minerales

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