Recent Advances in Portable Biosensors for Biomarker Detection in Body Fluids

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Abstract

A recent development in portable biosensors allows rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of biomarkers, which helps to prevent disease spread by the control of sources. Less invasive sample collection is necessary to use portable biosensors in remote environments for accurate on-site diagnostics and testing. For non- or minimally invasive sampling, easily accessible body fluids, such as saliva, sweat, blood, or urine, have been utilized. It is also imperative to find accurate biomarkers to provide better clinical intervention and treatment at the onset of disease. At the same time, these reliable biomarkers can be utilized to monitor the progress of the disease. In this review, we summarize the most recent development of portable biosensors to detect various biomarkers accurately. In addition, we discuss ongoing issues and limitations of the existing systems and methods. Lastly, we present the key requirements of portable biosensors and discuss ideas for functional enhancements.

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Most cited references 59

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Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis.

Wei Gao, Sam Emaminejad, Hnin Nyein … (2016)

Wearable sensor technologies are essential to the realization of personalized medicine through continuously monitoring an individual's state of health. Sampling human sweat, which is rich in physiological information, could enable non-invasive monitoring. Previously reported sweat-based and other non-invasive biosensors either can only monitor a single analyte at a time or lack on-site signal processing circuitry and sensor calibration mechanisms for accurate analysis of the physiological state. Given the complexity of sweat secretion, simultaneous and multiplexed screening of target biomarkers is critical and requires full system integration to ensure the accuracy of measurements. Here we present a mechanically flexible and fully integrated (that is, no external analysis is needed) sensor array for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis, which simultaneously and selectively measures sweat metabolites (such as glucose and lactate) and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium ions), as well as the skin temperature (to calibrate the response of the sensors). Our work bridges the technological gap between signal transduction, conditioning (amplification and filtering), processing and wireless transmission in wearable biosensors by merging plastic-based sensors that interface with the skin with silicon integrated circuits consolidated on a flexible circuit board for complex signal processing. This application could not have been realized using either of these technologies alone owing to their respective inherent limitations. The wearable system is used to measure the detailed sweat profile of human subjects engaged in prolonged indoor and outdoor physical activities, and to make a real-time assessment of the physiological state of the subjects. This platform enables a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications.

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Integrated textile sensor patch for real-time and multiplex sweat analysis

Wenya He, Chunya Wang, Huimin Wang … (2019)

We report a sweat analysis patch based on silk-derived carbon textile for simultaneous detection of six health-related biomarkers.

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A contact lens with embedded sensor for monitoring tear glucose level.

B Parviz, I Lähdesmäki, H Yao … (2011)

We report the design, construction, and testing of a contact lens with an integrated amperometric glucose sensor, proposing the possibility of in situ human health monitoring simply by wearing a contact lens. The glucose sensor was constructed by creating microstructures on a polymer substrate, which was subsequently shaped into a contact lens. Titania sol-gel film was applied to immobilize glucose oxidase, and Nafion® was used to decrease several potential interferences (ascorbic acid, lactate, and urea) present in the tear film. The sensor exhibits a fast response (20s), a high sensitivity (240 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) and a good reproducibility after testing a number of sensors. It shows good linearity for the typical range of glucose concentrations in the tear film (0.1-0.6 mM), and acceptable accuracy in the presence of interfering agents. The sensor can attain a minimum detection of less than 0.01 mM glucose. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biosensors (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biosensors (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): biosensors

Title: Biosensors

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2079-6374

Publication date (Electronic): 18 September 2020

Publication date Collection: September 2020

Volume: 10

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 127

Affiliations

[1 ]School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA; brian.senf@ 123456wsu.edu

[2 ]Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering Program, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; whyeo@ 123456gatech.edu

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: jh.kim@ 123456wsu.edu ; Tel.: +1-360-546-9250; Fax: +1-360-546-9438

Author information

Brian Senf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0537-8243

Woon-Hong Yeo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-3882

Jong-Hoon Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-7676

Article

Publisher ID: biosensors-10-00127

DOI: 10.3390/bios10090127

PMC ID: 7559030

PubMed ID: 32961853

SO-VID: 17392f7c-64dd-4bf2-90a5-d7608b482f66

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Recent Advances in Portable Biosensors for Biomarker Detection in Body Fluids

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Point-of-Care Testing for COVID-19

Most cited references 59

Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis.

Integrated textile sensor patch for real-time and multiplex sweat analysis

A contact lens with embedded sensor for monitoring tear glucose level.

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