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      Pathogenicity and virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          ABSTRACT

          Pulmonary infections caused by the mould pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Compromised lung defences arising from immunosuppression, chronic respiratory conditions or more recently, concomitant viral or bacterial pulmonary infections are recognised risks factors for the development of pulmonary aspergillosis. In this review, we will summarise our current knowledge of the mechanistic basis of pulmonary aspergillosis with a focus on emerging at-risk populations.

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          Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 — Preliminary Report

          Mark Peters (2021)
          Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with diffuse lung damage. Glucocorticoids may modulate inflammation-mediated lung injury and thereby reduce progression to respiratory failure and death. Methods In this controlled, open-label trial comparing a range of possible treatments in patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19, we randomly assigned patients to receive oral or intravenous dexamethasone (at a dose of 6 mg once daily) for up to 10 days or to receive usual care alone. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Here, we report the preliminary results of this comparison. Results A total of 2104 patients were assigned to receive dexamethasone and 4321 to receive usual care. Overall, 482 patients (22.9%) in the dexamethasone group and 1110 patients (25.7%) in the usual care group died within 28 days after randomization (age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.93; P<0.001). The proportional and absolute between-group differences in mortality varied considerably according to the level of respiratory support that the patients were receiving at the time of randomization. In the dexamethasone group, the incidence of death was lower than that in the usual care group among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (29.3% vs. 41.4%; rate ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.81) and among those receiving oxygen without invasive mechanical ventilation (23.3% vs. 26.2%; rate ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94) but not among those who were receiving no respiratory support at randomization (17.8% vs. 14.0%; rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.55). Conclusions In patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the use of dexamethasone resulted in lower 28-day mortality among those who were receiving either invasive mechanical ventilation or oxygen alone at randomization but not among those receiving no respiratory support. (Funded by the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research and others; RECOVERY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04381936; ISRCTN number, 50189673.)
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            Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-analysis

            Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Srinivas Murthy, Janet V. Diaz … (2021)
            Effective therapies for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed, and clinical trial data have demonstrated that low-dose dexamethasone reduced mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who required respiratory support.
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              The extracellular matrix at a glance.

              Christian Frantz, Kathleen Stewart, Valerie Weaver (2010)
              Article 0 comments Cited 814 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virulence
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virulence
                Title: Virulence
                Publisher: Taylor & Francis
                ISSN (Print): 2150-5594
                ISSN (Electronic): 2150-5608
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 15 February 2023
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 15 February 2023
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2172264
                Affiliations
                [a ]Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; , Manchester, UK
                [b ]MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter; , Exeter, UK
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2172264
                DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2172264
                PMC ID: 10732619
                PubMed ID: 36752587
                SO-VID: 17582459-3af4-4d70-a484-663c854f2f19
                Copyright © © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, References: 447, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Signature Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: aspergillus fumigatus,aspergillosis,virulence factors,pathogenicity,at-risk factors
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillosis, virulence factors, pathogenicity, at-risk factors

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