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      An approach towards problem-based learning in virtual space Translated title: Problem-orientiertes Lernen im virtuellen Raum: Erste Erfahrungen in der Nuklearmedizin

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          Abstract

          Problem-based learning (PBL) is an established and efficient approach to sustainable teaching. Here, we describe translation of PBL into the virtual classroom thereby offering novel teaching aspects in the field of Nuclear Medicine. Our teaching approach is implemented on a "moodle" platform and consists of 2 modules: complementary seminar teaching materials and a virtual PBL-classroom, which can be attended via Skype.

          Over the course of 4 semesters 539 students have accessed our teaching platform. 21 students have participated in the PBL seminar (module 2). After resolving some minor technical difficulties our virtual seminars have evolved into a forum of intense studies, whereby the participating students have learned to become more independent along the workup of the teaching cases. This was reflected in the results of the intra-group presentations and discussions.

          Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of our moodle-based PBL platform indicates an increasing level of acceptance and enthusiasm by the students. This has initiated discussions about opening our PBL concept to a wider audience within the university and beyond the Nuclear Medicine specialty.

          Translated abstract

          Problem-orientiertes Lernen (POL) ist eine etablierte und effiziente Methode zur nachhaltigen Lehre. In dem beschriebenen Projekt wurde der Versuch unternommen, das POL-Konzept in den virtuellen Raum zu übertragen, um die Lehre in der Nuklearmedizin zu ergänzen und motivierte Studierende für das Fach zu interessieren. Das Lehrprojekt auf Basis der Lehrplattform „moodle“ besteht aus zwei Teilen: Seminar-begleitende Seiten zur Nachbereitung der Vorlesung und ein virtueller POL-Bereich, in dem über eine Internet-basierte Telefonkonferenz POL-Fälle bearbeitet werden können.

          Insgesamt haben in vier Semestern 539 Studierende auf die Lehrplattform zugegriffen, von denen 21 an einem POL-Seminar teilgenommen haben. Nach anfänglichen – teils technischen – Schwierigkeiten, entwickelten sich die Seminare zu einem sehr intensiven Forum, in dem die Studierenden zunehmend mehr Selbstständigkeit entwickelten. Dies widerspiegelte sich auch im Ergebnis der Ausarbeitungen und der anschließenden Diskussion, die jeweils auf einem sehr hohen Niveau angesiedelt waren.

          Die quantitative und qualitative Evaluation spricht für eine hohe Akzeptanz der Lehrveranstaltung von Seiten der Studierenden, und ermutigt uns dazu, das Konzept weiter auszubauen und in einem größeren intra-universitären Rahmen anzubieten.

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          Most cited references18

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          The psychological basis of problem-based learning: a review of the evidence.

          Several potential advantages for students' learning are claimed for problem-based learning (PBL). Students in PBL curricula may be more highly motivated; they may be better problem solvers and self-directed learners; they may be better able to learn and recall information; and they may be better able to integrate basic science knowledge into the solutions of clinical problems. Although some of these claims find theoretical support from the literature on the psychology of learning, to date there has been no review of the experimental evidence supporting the possible differences in students' learning that can be attributed to PBL. In this review article, the authors examine each claim critically in light of that evidence. They conclude that (1) there is no evidence that PBL curricula result in any improvement in general, content-free problem-solving skills; (2) learning in a PBL format may initially reduce levels of learning but may foster, over periods up to several years, increased retention of knowledge; (3) some preliminary evidence suggests that PBL curricula may enhance both transfer of concepts to new problems and integration of basic science concepts into clinical problems; (4) PBL enhances intrinsic interest in the subject matter; and (5) PBL appears to enhance self-directed learning skills, and this enhancement may be maintained.
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            Problem-based learning: a review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues.

            The effects of problem-based learning (PBL) were examined by conducting a meta-analysis-type review of the English-language international literature from 1972 to 1992. Compared with conventional instruction, PBL, as suggested by the findings, is more nurturing and enjoyable; PBL graduates perform as well, and sometimes better, on clinical examinations and faculty evaluations; and they are more likely to enter family medicine. Further, faculty tend to enjoy teaching using PBL. However, PBL students in a few instances scored lower on basic sciences examinations and viewed themselves as less well prepared in the basic sciences than were their conventionally trained counterparts. PBL graduates tended to engage in backward reasoning rather than the forward reasoning experts engage in, and there appeared to be gaps in their cognitive knowledge base that could affect practice outcomes. The costs of PBL may slow its implementation in schools with class sizes larger than 100. While weaknesses in the criteria used to assess the outcomes of PBL and general weaknesses in study design limit the confidence one can give conclusions drawn from the literature, the authors recommend that caution be exercised in making comprehensive, curriculum-wide conversions to PBL until more is learned about (1) the extent to which faculty should direct students throughout medical training, (2) PBL methods that are less costly, (3) cognitive-processing weaknesses shown by PBL students, and (4) the apparent high resource utilization by PBL graduates.
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              Problem-based learning: rationale and description.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Zeitschrift für medizinische Ausbildung
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                1860-7446
                1860-3572
                15 November 2010
                2010
                : 27
                : 5
                : Doc73
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Essen, Deutschland
                [2 ]cmi-experts GmbH, Zürich, Schweiz
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Lutz S. Freudenberg, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122 Essen, Deutschland, Tel.: +49 (0)201/723-2032, Fax: +49 (0)201/723-3964, E-mail: lutz-freudenberg@ 123456uni-duisburg-essen.de
                Article
                zma000710 Doc73 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0007102
                10.3205/zma000710
                3140372
                21818218
                18e21c60-56fd-456e-814f-6e8166818ec6
                Copyright © 2010 Freudenberg et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 15 July 2010
                : 07 September 2010
                : 20 August 2010
                Categories
                Article

                Medicine
                nuclear medicine,virtual course,problem-based learning
                Medicine
                nuclear medicine, virtual course, problem-based learning

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