Obesity is not associated with progression to end stage renal disease in patients with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases

Abstract

Background

Body mass index (BMI) is associated with renal disease progression in unspecified CKD. The relationship between BMI and primary glomerular disease (GN) may be more complex. We aimed to evaluate the association between BMI and renal disease progression in patients with primary glomerular disease (GN).

Methods

This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study performed in adult patients with biopsy-proven primary GN (excluding minimal change disease) from January 2000 to December 2015, with follow-up data until June 2017. BMI at time of biopsy was categorised as ≤25 kg/m ², > 25 to ≤30 kg/m ² and > 30 kg/m ². We used univariate and multivariate survival analyses to evaluate factors associated with progression to a composite endpoint of stage 5 CKD or renal replacement therapy (Major Adverse Renal Event - MARE) censoring for competing risk of death using Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards model.

Results

We included 560 patients with biopsy-proven primary GN and available BMI data: 66.1% were male with median age 54.8 (IQR 41.1–66.2) years and BMI 28.2 (IQR 24.9–32.1) kg/m ². Those with BMI 25-30 kg/m ² ( n = 210) and with BMI > 30 kg/m ² ( n = 207) were older ( p = 0.007) with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures ( p = 0.02 and 0.004 respectively) than those with BMI < 25 kg/m ² ( n = 132). There was a greater proportion of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in those with higher BMI (3.9% in BMI < 25 kg/m ², 7.9% in BMI 25–30 kg/m ² and 10.7% in BMI > 30 kg/m ² of biopsies ( p = 0.01)), but similar proportions of other GN diagnoses across BMI groups. Baseline eGFR ( p = 0.40) and uPCR ( p = 0.17) were similar across BMI groups. There was no interaction between BMI and time to MARE (log-rank p = 0.98) or death (log-rank p = 0.42). Censoring for competing risk of death, factors associated with progression to MARE were: younger age, lower baseline eGFR and higher uPCR, but not BMI (SHR 0.99, 95%CI 0.97–1.01, p = 0.31) nor blood pressure or GN diagnosis.

Conclusion

BMI was not associated with progression to MARE in this patient cohort with primary GN. Efforts should be directed to managing other known risk factors for CKD progression.