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      Aesthetics and Psychological Effects of Fractal Based Design

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          Abstract

          Highly prevalent in nature, fractal patterns possess self-similar components that repeat at varying size scales. The perceptual experience of human-made environments can be impacted with inclusion of these natural patterns. Previous work has demonstrated consistent trends in preference for and complexity estimates of fractal patterns. However, limited information has been gathered on the impact of other visual judgments. Here we examine the aesthetic and perceptual experience of fractal ‘global-forest’ designs already installed in humanmade spaces and demonstrate how fractal pattern components are associated with positive psychological experiences that can be utilized to promote occupant wellbeing. These designs are composite fractal patterns consisting of individual fractal ‘tree-seeds’ which combine to create a ‘global fractal forest.’ The local ‘tree-seed’ patterns, global configuration of tree-seed locations, and overall resulting ‘global-forest’ patterns have fractal qualities. These designs span multiple mediums yet are all intended to lower occupant stress without detracting from the function and overall design of the space. In this series of studies, we first establish divergent relationships between various visual attributes, with pattern complexity, preference, and engagement ratings increasing with fractal complexity compared to ratings of refreshment and relaxation which stay the same or decrease with complexity. Subsequently, we determine that the local constituent fractal (‘tree-seed’) patterns contribute to the perception of the overall fractal design, and address how to balance aesthetic and psychological effects (such as individual experiences of perceived engagement and relaxation) in fractal design installations. This set of studies demonstrates that fractal preference is driven by a balance between increased arousal (desire for engagement and complexity) and decreased tension (desire for relaxation or refreshment). Installations of these composite mid-high complexity ‘global-forest’ patterns consisting of ‘tree-seed’ components balance these contrasting needs, and can serve as a practical implementation of biophilic patterns in human-made environments to promote occupant wellbeing.

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          Most cited references43

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          PsychoPy2: Experiments in behavior made easy

          PsychoPy is an application for the creation of experiments in behavioral science (psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, etc.) with precise spatial control and timing of stimuli. It now provides a choice of interface; users can write scripts in Python if they choose, while those who prefer to construct experiments graphically can use the new Builder interface. Here we describe the features that have been added over the last 10 years of its development. The most notable addition has been that Builder interface, allowing users to create studies with minimal or no programming, while also allowing the insertion of Python code for maximal flexibility. We also present some of the other new features, including further stimulus options, asynchronous time-stamped hardware polling, and better support for open science and reproducibility. Tens of thousands of users now launch PsychoPy every month, and more than 90 people have contributed to the code. We discuss the current state of the project, as well as plans for the future.
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            Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments

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              Natural Versus Urban Scenes: Some Psychophysiological Effects

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                17 August 2021
                2021
                : 12
                : 699962
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Integrative Perception Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR, United States
                [2] 2Perception and Aesthetics Lab, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                [3] 3Material Science Institute, Department of Physics, University of Oregon , Eugene, OR, United States
                [4] 413&9 Design , Graz, Austria
                Author notes

                Edited by: Rita Berto, Università della Valle d’Aosta, Italy

                Reviewed by: Caroline M. Hägerhäll, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden; Judith Heerwagen, General Services Administration (GSA), United States

                *Correspondence: Kelly E. Robles, kne@ 123456uoregon.edu

                This article was submitted to Environmental Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699962
                8416160
                32155189
                1a23324a-7e2a-4728-b5bf-77c16f9e268a
                Copyright © 2021 Robles, Roberts, Viengkham, Smith, Rowland, Moslehi, Stadlober, Lesjak, Lesjak, Taylor, Spehar and Sereno.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 24 April 2021
                : 19 July 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 11, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 21, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: Australian Research Council 10.13039/501100000923
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                fractal design,composite fractals,fractal dimension,preference,aesthetics

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