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      Current opinion of presentation of dysphagia and dysphonia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Purpose of review

          Dysphagia and dysphonia are common presentations of both acute and long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The majority of peer-reviewed publications in 2020 and early 2021 were expert guidance and consensus statements to support dysphagia management in multidisciplinary teams while protecting clinicians and patients from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. This review discusses dysphagia and dysphonia primary data published in 2021–2022, focusing on patient presentations, pathophysiology, and evidence for interventions.

          Recent findings

          Clinicians and researchers amassed knowledge of the cross-system presentation of dysphagia and dysphonia in patients with COVID-19, from severe disease requiring ICU stays to those with mild-to-moderate disease presenting to outpatient clinics. Pre-COVID-19 health status, hospitalization experience, presence of neurological symptoms, and impact of the virus to the upper aerodigestive and respiratory system need consideration in patient management. Long-term dysphagia and dysphonia manifested from COVID-19 require otolaryngologist and speech-language pathologist input.

          Summary

          Changes in immunity through population vaccination and variations in COVID-19 from SARS-CoV-2 mutations means prevalence data are challenging to interpret. However, there is no doubt of the presence of long-term dysphagia and dysphonia in our clinics. Long-term dysphagia and dysphonia are complex and a multidisciplinary team with a tailored approach for each patient is required.

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          Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

          Dawei Wang, Bo Hu, Fangfang Zhu … (2020)
          In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.
          Article 0 comments Cited 10807 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact

            Hannah Davis, Gina Assaf, Lisa McCorkell … (2021)
            Background A significant number of patients with COVID-19 experience prolonged symptoms, known as Long COVID. Few systematic studies have investigated this population, particularly in outpatient settings. Hence, relatively little is known about symptom makeup and severity, expected clinical course, impact on daily functioning, and return to baseline health. Methods We conducted an online survey of people with suspected and confirmed COVID-19, distributed via COVID-19 support groups (e.g. Body Politic, Long COVID Support Group, Long Haul COVID Fighters) and social media (e.g. Twitter, Facebook). Data were collected from September 6, 2020 to November 25, 2020. We analyzed responses from 3762 participants with confirmed (diagnostic/antibody positive; 1020) or suspected (diagnostic/antibody negative or untested; 2742) COVID-19, from 56 countries, with illness lasting over 28 days and onset prior to June 2020. We estimated the prevalence of 203 symptoms in 10 organ systems and traced 66 symptoms over seven months. We measured the impact on life, work, and return to baseline health. Findings For the majority of respondents (>91%), the time to recovery exceeded 35 weeks. During their illness, participants experienced an average of 55.9+/- 25.5 (mean+/-STD) symptoms, across an average of 9.1 organ systems. The most frequent symptoms after month 6 were fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction. Symptoms varied in their prevalence over time, and we identified three symptom clusters, each with a characteristic temporal profile. 85.9% of participants (95% CI, 84.8% to 87.0%) experienced relapses, primarily triggered by exercise, physical or mental activity, and stress. 86.7% (85.6% to 92.5%) of unrecovered respondents were experiencing fatigue at the time of survey, compared to 44.7% (38.5% to 50.5%) of recovered respondents. 1700 respondents (45.2%) required a reduced work schedule compared to pre-illness, and an additional 839 (22.3%) were not working at the time of survey due to illness. Cognitive dysfunction or memory issues were common across all age groups (~88%). Except for loss of smell and taste, the prevalence and trajectory of all symptoms were similar between groups with confirmed and suspected COVID-19. Interpretation Patients with Long COVID report prolonged, multisystem involvement and significant disability. By seven months, many patients have not yet recovered (mainly from systemic and neurological/cognitive symptoms), have not returned to previous levels of work, and continue to experience significant symptom burden. Funding All authors contributed to this work in a voluntary capacity. The cost of survey hosting (on Qualtrics) and publication fee was covered by AA's research grant (Wellcome Trust/Gatsby Charity via Sainsbury Wellcome center, UCL).
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              Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection

              Müge Özçelik Korkmaz, Oguz Egilmez, Muhammet Özçelik … (2020)
              Purpose The aim of our study is to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of otolaryngology symptoms in COVID 19 patients. Methods 116 patients with positive PCR test results for COVID-19 and followed up by otolaryngologists at a tertiary referral center/COVID-19 pandemic hospital were questioned in terms of otolaryngology symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection. Data including demographics, disease severity, concomitant diseases, previous otolaryngologic diseases,incidence and duration of new onset symptoms were collected and categorically analyzed. In addition, the severity of loss of smell and taste was evaluated by visual analogue score (VAS). Results A total of 58 men and 58 women participated. The mean age of the patients was 57.24 ± 14.32 (19–83). The most common otolaryngological findings were hyposmia/anosmia (37.9%) and hypogeusia/ageusia (41.37%), respectively. These complaints were followed by headache (37.1%), and nausea/vomiting (31%). The most common oropharyngeal symptoms were sore throat (32.7%) and dysphagia (20.6%). The rate of otological/vestibular symptoms was dizziness (31.8%), tinnitus (11%), true vertigo (6%), and hearing impairment (5.1%), respectively. The most of symptoms were more frequent in > 60 years and women. There was a significant correlation between nasal itching and smell disturbance in patients with allergic rhinitis. Considering the duration of symptoms, the longest were hyposmia/anosmia and hypogeusia/ageusia. The mean VAS’s in patients with hyposmia/anosmia and hypogeusia/ageusia were 5.52 ± 2.08 and 5.79 ± 2.21, respectively. Conclusion The most common otolaryngologic symptoms of COVID-19 infection are known as sore throat, smell and/or taste disturbances. However, our study showed that these patients can be seen with different symptoms in otological or laryngeal areas. Therefore, a more careful evaluation should be made in terms of otolaryngologic symptoms when COVID 19 infection is suspected.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
                Journal ID (publisher-id): COOHN
                Title: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
                Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )
                ISSN (Print): 1068-9508
                ISSN (Electronic): 1531-6998
                Publication date (Print): December 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 August 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 3 August 2022
                Volume: 30
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 393-399
                Affiliations
                [a ]The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
                [b ]Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Outcomes After Critical Illness and Surgery (OACIS) Research Group, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence to Anna Miles, PhD, Speech Science, School of Psychology, Grafton Campus, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. Tel: +64 9 923 8177; fax: +64 9 373 7902; e-mail: a.miles@ 123456auckland.ac.nz
                Article
                Publisher ID: MOO300602 Accession ID: 00002
                DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000836
                PMC ID: 9612417
                PubMed ID: 36004777
                SO-VID: 1a5ec509-d580-44f4-9b3c-bb231d6964cb
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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                Subject: LARYNGOLOGY AND BRONCHOESOPHAGOLOGY: Edited by Jacqui E. Allen

                Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019,deglutition disorders,dysphagia,dysphonia,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
                Data availability:
                Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019, deglutition disorders, dysphagia, dysphonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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