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      PANDORA’S BOX

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      BJPsych International
      The Royal College of Psychiatrists

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          Systems genetics identifies Sestrin 3 as a regulator of a proconvulsant gene network in human epileptic hippocampus.

          Gene-regulatory network analysis is a powerful approach to elucidate the molecular processes and pathways underlying complex disease. Here we employ systems genetics approaches to characterize the genetic regulation of pathophysiological pathways in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Using surgically acquired hippocampi from 129 TLE patients, we identify a gene-regulatory network genetically associated with epilepsy that contains a specialized, highly expressed transcriptional module encoding proconvulsive cytokines and Toll-like receptor signalling genes. RNA sequencing analysis in a mouse model of TLE using 100 epileptic and 100 control hippocampi shows the proconvulsive module is preserved across-species, specific to the epileptic hippocampus and upregulated in chronic epilepsy. In the TLE patients, we map the trans-acting genetic control of this proconvulsive module to Sestrin 3 (SESN3), and demonstrate that SESN3 positively regulates the module in macrophages, microglia and neurons. Morpholino-mediated Sesn3 knockdown in zebrafish confirms the regulation of the transcriptional module, and attenuates chemically induced behavioural seizures in vivo.
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            Why should mental health have a place in the post-2015 global health agenda?

            Background The tenure of the Millennium Development Goals formally expires in 2015 and will be replaced with a new development agenda. The MDGs did not include goals or targets for mental health. Despite gathering momentum during the last 15 years, mental health has not enjoyed the same pace of progress as the sectors explicitly mentioned within the MDGs. This article outlines the evidence indicating that mental health should be firmly positioned in post-2015 health policy and discusses strategies to advance the global mental health agenda. Discussion The interactions between mental health and other development goals are numerous and complex. Consequently, investment in mental health pays dividends on a wider level than simply psychiatric clinical outcomes. Mental health’s reciprocal relationship with poverty is consistent with the strong focus on economic development, rather than health in isolation, detailed in the post-2015 UN statements to date. A focus on the quality of mental health care provided in low and middle-income countries deserves priority in the new health agenda. This should include consideration of the accessibility of mental health care and the use of evidence based diagnosis and management in these settings. Summary Lack of investment in the mental health of populations is a key driver of poverty and inequality in low and middle-income countries. Renewed focus on mental health post-2015 is an opportunity to address the global burden of mental disorders and make a positive impact on the wider development agenda.
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              Mortality in mental disorders and global disease burden implications

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BJPsych Int
                BJPsych Int
                BJPI
                BJPsych International
                The Royal College of Psychiatrists
                2056-4740
                2058-6264
                01 May 2015
                May 2015
                : 12
                : 2
                : 50-51
                Author notes

                Pandora searches the world literature for evidence, news and other sources on matters of interest (doesn’t shy away from controversy) to bring to the reader. She welcomes comments and suggestions (via ip@ 123456rcpsych.ac.uk )

                Article
                BJPI-12-50
                5618919
                1b285cc2-e814-42e1-a9cd-79f4412ec2f2
                © 2015 The Royal College of Psychiatrists

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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