13
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Taste perception and oral microbiota are associated with obesity in children and adolescents

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Obesity in childhood and adolescence is considered the most prevalent nutritional disorder, in which eating behaviours represent one important factors of influence. Many aspects influence eating behaviours, but taste is considered the main predictor. However, data concerning correlations of obesity, taste sensitivity and behavioural attitudes, such as food neophobia, in children and adolescents are inconsistent. Moreover, it has been suggested that oral bacteria could have a possible role in obesity development and, also, in taste perception. In this context, the present study focused on host related factors with a proposed link to weight gain. To this purpose, taste sensitivity, salivary microbiota composition and food neophobia were compared between children and adolescents with and without obesity in a cross-sectional study. Results showed that children with obesity presented a significantly lower ability in correctly identifying taste qualities and were characterized by a lesser number of Fungiform Papillae (reported as FP/cm 2) compared to normal-weight subjects. Differences in the ecological indexes of microbial alpha-diversity was found between subjects with obesity and normal-weight ones. Moreover, independently from nutritional status, some bacterial genera seemed to differ between subjects with different sensitivity. The potentiality of this multidisciplinary approach could help to better understand and deepen the sensory-driven and microbiological factors related to weight gain.

          Related collections

          Most cited references42

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Obesity and the human microbiome.

          Ruth E Ley (2010)
          Obesity was once rare, but the last few decades have seen a rapid expansion of the proportion of obese individuals worldwide. Recent work has shown obesity to be associated with a shift in the representation of the dominant phyla of bacteria in the gut, both in humans and animal models. This review summarizes the latest research into the association between microbial ecology and host adiposity, and the mechanisms by which microbes in the gut may mediate host metabolism in the context of obesity. Studies of the effect of excess body fat on the abundances of different bacteria taxa in the gut generally show alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota, and changes during weight loss. The gastrointestinal microbiota have been shown to impact insulin resistance, inflammation, and adiposity via interactions with epithelial and endocrine cells. Large-scale alterations of the gut microbiota and its microbiome (gene content) are associated with obesity and are responsive to weight loss. Gut microbes can impact host metabolism via signaling pathways in the gut, with effects on inflammation, insulin resistance, and deposition of energy in fat stores. Restoration of the gut microbiota to a healthy state may ameliorate the conditions associated with obesity and help maintain a healthy weight.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Evaluation of Methods for the Extraction and Purification of DNA from the Human Microbiome

            Background DNA extraction is an essential step in all cultivation-independent approaches to characterize microbial diversity, including that associated with the human body. A fundamental challenge in using these approaches has been to isolate DNA that is representative of the microbial community sampled. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we statistically evaluated six commonly used DNA extraction procedures using eleven human-associated bacterial species and a mock community that contained equal numbers of those eleven species. These methods were compared on the basis of DNA yield, DNA shearing, reproducibility, and most importantly representation of microbial diversity. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from a mock community showed that the observed species abundances were significantly different from the expected species abundances for all six DNA extraction methods used. Conclusions/Significance Protocols that included bead beating and/or mutanolysin produced significantly better bacterial community structure representation than methods without both of them. The reproducibility of all six methods was similar, and results from different experimenters and different times were in good agreement. Based on the evaluations done it appears that DNA extraction procedures for bacterial community analysis of human associated samples should include bead beating and/or mutanolysin to effectively lyse cells.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              "Taste Strips" - a rapid, lateralized, gustatory bedside identification test based on impregnated filter papers.

              To elaborate normative values for a clinical psychophysical taste test ("Taste Strips"). The "Taste Strips" are a psychophysical chemical taste test. So far, no definitive normative data had been published and only a fairly small sample size has been investigated. In light of this shortcoming for this easy, reliable and quick taste testing device, we attempted to provide normative values suitable for the clinical use. Normative value acquisition study, multicenter study. The investigation involved 537 participants reporting a normal sense of smell and taste (318 female, 219 male, mean age 44 years, age range 18-87 years). The taste test was based on spoon-shaped filter paper strips ("Taste Strips") impregnated with the four (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) taste qualities in four different concentrations. The strips were placed on the left or right side of the anterior third of the extended tongue, resulting in a total of 32 trials. With their tongue still extended, patients had to identify the taste from a list of four descriptors, i. e., sweet, sour, salty, and bitter (multiple forced-choice). To obtain an impression of overall gustatory function, the number of correctly identified tastes was summed up for a "taste score". Taste function decreased significantly with age. Women exhibited significantly higher taste scores than men which was true for all age groups. The taste score at the 10(th) percentile was selected as a cut-off value to distinguish normogeusia from hypogeusia. Results from a small series of patients with ageusia confirmed the clinical usefulness of the proposed normative values. The present data provide normative values for the "Taste Strips" based on over 500 subjects tested.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Resources
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Visualization
                Role: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administrationRole: Supervision
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                11 September 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 9
                : e0221656
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
                [2 ] Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
                [3 ] Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
                [4 ] Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
                [5 ] Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
                Cincinnati Children's, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-4334
                Article
                PONE-D-19-15807
                10.1371/journal.pone.0221656
                6738620
                31509575
                1c3efb4a-722f-46c0-8e21-583c5e0d32bd
                © 2019 Mameli et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 4 June 2019
                : 12 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 1, Pages: 17
                Funding
                This study was funded by the Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Invernizzi", Milano, Italy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Sensory Perception
                Taste
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Taste
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Taste
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbiome
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Genetics
                Genomics
                Microbial Genomics
                Microbiome
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Microbial Genomics
                Microbiome
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Childhood Obesity
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Childhood Obesity
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Sensory Perception
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Nutrition
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Nutrition
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Bacteria
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article