Transient hexagonal structures in sheared emulsions of isotropic inclusions on smectic bubbles in microgravity conditions

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Abstract

We describe the collective behavior of isotropic droplets dispersed over a spherical smectic bubble, observed under microgravity conditions on the International Space Station (ISS). We find that droplets can form two-dimensional hexagonal structures changing with time. Our analysis indicates the possibility of spatial and temporal periodicity of such structures of droplets. Quantitative analysis of the hexagonal structure including the first three coordination circles was performed. A peculiar periodic-in-time ordering of the droplets, related to one-dimensional motion of droplets with non-uniform velocity, was found.

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Topology of cosmic domains and strings

T. Kibble (1976)

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Observation of discrete time-crystalline order in a disordered dipolar many-body system

Soonwon Choi, Joonhee Choi, Renate Landig … (2017)

Understanding quantum dynamics away from equilibrium is an outstanding challenge in the modern physical sciences. Out-of-equilibrium systems can display a rich variety of phenomena, including self-organized synchronization and dynamical phase transitions. More recently, advances in the controlled manipulation of isolated many-body systems have enabled detailed studies of non-equilibrium phases in strongly interacting quantum matter; for example, the interplay between periodic driving, disorder and strong interactions has been predicted to result in exotic ‘time-crystalline’ phases, in which a system exhibits temporal correlations at integer multiples of the fundamental driving period, breaking the discrete time-translational symmetry of the underlying drive. Here we report the experimental observation of such discrete time-crystalline order in a driven, disordered ensemble of about one million dipolar spin impurities in diamond at room temperature. We observe long-lived temporal correlations, experimentally identify the phase boundary and find that the temporal order is protected by strong interactions. This order is remarkably stable to perturbations, even in the presence of slow thermalization. Our work opens the door to exploring dynamical phases of matter and controlling interacting, disordered many-body systems.

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Observation of a discrete time crystal

J. Zhang, P. W. Hess, A. Kyprianidis … (2017)

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a fundamental concept in many areas of physics, including cosmology, particle physics and condensed matter. An example is the breaking of spatial translational symmetry, which underlies the formation of crystals and the phase transition from liquid to solid. Using the analogy of crystals in space, the breaking of translational symmetry in time and the emergence of a ‘time crystal’ was recently proposed, but was later shown to be forbidden in thermal equilibrium. However, non-equilibrium Floquet systems, which are subject to a periodic drive, can exhibit persistent time correlations at an emergent subharmonic frequency. This new phase of matter has been dubbed a ‘discrete time crystal’. Here we present the experimental observation of a discrete time crystal, in an interacting spin chain of trapped atomic ions. We apply a periodic Hamiltonian to the system under many-body localization conditions, and observe a subharmonic temporal response that is robust to external perturbations. The observation of such a time crystal opens the door to the study of systems with long-range spatio-temporal correlations and novel phases of matter that emerge under intrinsically non-equilibrium conditions.

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Author and article information

Contributors

V. K. Dolganov: dolganov@issp.ac.ru

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 27 September 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 27 September 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 19144

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.4886.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2192 9124, Institute of Solid State Physics, , Russian Academy of Sciences (ISSP RAS), ; 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia

[2 ]GRID grid.4886.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2192 9124, L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, , Russian Academy of Sciences, ; 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia

[3 ]GRID grid.5807.a, ISNI 0000 0001 1018 4307, Institute of Physics, , Otto von Guericke University, ; 39106 Magdeburg, Germany

[4 ]GRID grid.266190.a, ISNI 0000000096214564, Department of Physics, , University of Colorado Boulder, ; Boulder, CO 80309 USA

Article

Publisher ID: 98166

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98166-7

PMC ID: 8476617

PubMed ID: 34580344

SO-VID: 1c9c6fec-caf3-45f8-809f-be52fa7c5527

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 20 June 2021

Date accepted : 19 August 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006769, Russian Science Foundation;

Award ID: 18-12-00108

Award Recipient : P. V. Dolganov N. S. Shuravin V. K. Dolganov

Funded by: TSNIIMash

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft;

Award ID: STA 425/40

Award Recipient : R. Stannarius K. Harth T. Trittel

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002946, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt;

Award ID: 50WM2054

Award Recipient : R. Stannarius K. Harth T. Trittel

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104, National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

Award ID: NNX-13AQ81G

Award Recipient : C. S. Park J. E. Maclennan

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: condensed-matter physics,surfaces, interfaces and thin films,fluid dynamics

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: condensed-matter physics, surfaces, interfaces and thin films, fluid dynamics

Transient hexagonal structures in sheared emulsions of isotropic inclusions on smectic bubbles in microgravity conditions

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Emerald: Sustainable Structures & Infrastructures

Most cited references 41

Topology of cosmic domains and strings

Observation of discrete time-crystalline order in a disordered dipolar many-body system

Observation of a discrete time crystal

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