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      Revisión de la clasificación de Hinchey (diverticulitis) y su correlación terapéutica Translated title: Hinchey’s (Diverticulitis) Classification Review and it’s Therapeutic Implacations

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          Abstract

          Resumen La diverticulosis es una entidad que predomina en países occidentales. Su prevalencia aumenta con la edad, presentándose en aproximadamente el 80% de la población mayor de 85 años. Los divertículos colónicos adquiridos son herniaciones saculares de la mucosa y submucosa (pseudodivertículos) y predominan en sigma, en países occidentales; los congénitos poseen las tres capas parietales (divertículos verdaderos) y predominan en colon derecho, en países asiáticos. Aproximadamente un 10%-25% de dichos pacientes con diverticulosis presentarán a lo largo de su vida un cuadro de diverticulitis aguda, representando una de las causas más frecuentes de abdomen agudo (3,8%). Clínicamente, se expresa por dolor abdominal en fosa ilíaca izquierda (excepción en dolicosigma/divertículos congénitos derechos) y pueden presentar complicaciones como flemones, abscesos, pileflebitis, peritonitis, con consiguiente riesgo de vida. La tomografía computada (TC) permite el diagnóstico oportuno, identificación de complicaciones y planificación terapéutica. A dicho fin se establecieron diferentes clasificaciones y modificaciones, siendo la más reconocida la propuesta por Hinchey (modificada por Wasvary y col., Kaiser y col.) y otras estableciendo correlaciones con el tratamiento, como la propuesta por Sartelli y col. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión iconográfica de esta última (Sartelli y col.) y evaluar sus implicancias terapéuticas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Diverticular disease is an entity with high prevalence in western countries that increases with age, and affects approximately 80% of the population over 85 years of age. Acquired colonic diverticula are saccular mucosal and submucosal herniation (pseudodiverticles) and predominate in sigma, in western countries; the congenital ones possess the three parietal layers (true diverticula) and predominate in right side colon, in Asian countries. Approximately 10%-25% of patients with colonic diverticulosis, in their lifetime will present an episode of acute diverticulitis, which represents one of the most frequent causes of acute abdominal pain (3.8%). Clinically it express by abdominal pain in the left iliac fossa (exception in dolicosigma / right congenital diverticula) and may present complications such as phlegmon, abscesses, pylephlebitis, peritonitis, life threatening conditions. Computed tomography (CT) allows timely diagnosis, identification of complications and therapeutic planning. To this end, several classifications have been used, from which Hinchey’s is the most renown (modified by Wasvary et al, Kaiser et al.), and other ones establish therapeutic correlation such as the one proposed by Sartelli et al. The objective of the present study is to make an iconographic review of this last one (Sartelli et al.) and to evaluate its therapeutic implications.

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          Most cited references14

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          The management of complicated diverticulitis and the role of computed tomography.

          Acute diverticulitis is a disease with a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from a phlegmon (stage Ia), to localized abscesses (stages Ib and II), to free perforation with purulent (stage III) or feculent peritonitis (stage IV). While there is little debate about the best treatment for mild episodes and/or very severe episodes, uncertainty persists about the optimal management for intermediate stages (Ib and II). The aim of our study was therefore to define the role of computed tomography (CT) and to analyze its impact on the management of acute diverticulitis. We retrospectively analyzed 511 patients (296 males, 215 females) admitted for acute diverticulitis between January 1994 and December 2003. Excluded were patients with stoma reversal only, "diverticulitis" mimicked by cancer, or significantly deficient patient records. Patients were analyzed either as a whole or subgrouped according to age ( 40 yr). A modified Hinchey classification was used to stage the severity of acute diverticulitis. In 99 patients (19.4%), an abscess was found (74 pericolic, 25 pelvic, median diameter: 4.0 cm). CT-guided drainage was performed in 16 patients, one failure requiring a two-stage operation. Whereas conservative treatment failed in 6.8% in patients without abscess or perforation, 22.2% of patients with an abscess required an urgent resection (68.2%, one-stage, 31.8%, two-stage). Recurrence rates were 13% for mild cases, as compared to 41.2% in patients with a pelvic abscess (stage II) treated conservatively with/without CT-guided drainage. Of all surgical cases, resection/primary anastomosis was achieved in 73.6% with perioperative mortality of 1.1% and leak rate was 2.1%. CT evidence of a diverticular abscess has a prognostic impact as it correlates with a high risk of failure from nonoperative management regardless of the patient's age. After treatment of diverticulitis with CT evidence of an abscess, physicians should strongly consider elective surgery in order to prevent recurrent diverticulitis.
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            Same hospitalization resection for acute diverticulitis.

            We reviewed our experience with same hospitalization resection in the treatment of acute diverticulitis (AD) and compared outcomes with patients admitted for elective resection. From January 1987 through December 1996, 20 patients (Group 1) were admitted with AD and were operated on during the same hospital admission. During that same time period, 22 patients (Group 2) were admitted for elective resection and found to have an abscess intraoperatively. Thirty patients had elective resection with no abscess found (Group 3), and 10 patients were found to have a fistula to adjacent structures during elective resection (Group 4). Demographics and type of procedure done were similar in all groups. Fifteen patients (75%) in Group 1 had an abscess; eight were pericolic, and seven were pelvic. In contrast, all Group 2 abscesses were pericolic (P < 0.001). There was no mortality or major morbidity in any group. Patients in Groups 1 and 4 had higher fluid requirements (not significant), estimated blood loss (P < 0.01), and longer operative times (P < 0.05) when compared with the other groups. Postoperative and total hospital stay was significantly longer in Group 1. We conclude that hospitalized patients with AD who meet indications for surgery can be operated on during the same hospitalization without an increase in morbidity, compared with those patients discharged and later readmitted for elective resection.
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              A proposal for a CT driven classification of left colon acute diverticulitis

              Computed tomography (CT) imaging is the most appropriate diagnostic tool to confirm suspected left colonic diverticulitis. However, the utility of CT imaging goes beyond accurate diagnosis of diverticulitis; the grade of severity on CT imaging may drive treatment planning of patients presenting with acute diverticulitis. The appropriate management of left colon acute diverticulitis remains still debated because of the vast spectrum of clinical presentations and different approaches to treatment proposed. The authors present a new simple classification system based on both CT scan results driving decisions making management of acute diverticulitis that may be universally accepted for day to day practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rar
                Revista argentina de radiología
                Rev. argent. radiol.
                Sociedad Argentina de Radiología (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1852-9992
                August 2020
                : 84
                : 4
                : 123-129
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameHospital Universitario Sede Saavedra orgdiv1Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Argentina
                Article
                S1852-99922020000400123 S1852-9992(20)08400400123
                10.1055/s-0040-1713089
                1f4b4c6d-1a23-4437-8547-ccea93e69fda

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 August 2019
                : 15 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Ensayo iconografico

                diverticulitis,tratamiento,computed tomography,colon,tomografía computada,treatment

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