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      Exploring climate-induced sex-based differences in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to mitigate biodiversity loss

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          Abstract

          The response of aquatic and terrestrial organisms to climate change can depend on biological sex. A key challenge is to unravel the interactive effects of sex and climate change at the individual and population levels and the cascading effects on communities. This new understanding is essential to improve climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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          Climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on Australian flying-foxes.

          Justin A. Welbergen, Stefan M. Klose, Nicola Markus … (2007)
          Little is known about the effects of temperature extremes on natural systems. This is of increasing concern now that climate models predict dramatic increases in the intensity, duration and frequency of such extremes. Here we examine the effects of temperature extremes on behaviour and demography of vulnerable wild flying-foxes (Pteropus spp.). On 12 January 2002 in New South Wales, Australia, temperatures exceeding 42 degrees C killed over 3500 individuals in nine mixed-species colonies. In one colony, we recorded a predictable sequence of thermoregulatory behaviours (wing-fanning, shade-seeking, panting and saliva-spreading, respectively) and witnessed how 5-6% of bats died from hyperthermia. Mortality was greater among the tropical black flying-fox, Pteropus alecto (10-13%) than the temperate grey-headed flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (less than 1%), and young and adult females were more affected than adult males (young, 23-49%; females, 10-15%; males, less than 3%). Since 1994, over 30000 flying-foxes (including at least 24500 P. poliocephalus) were killed during 19 similar events. Although P. alecto was relatively less affected, it is currently expanding its range into the more variable temperature envelope of P. poliocephalus, which increases the likelihood of die-offs occurring in this species. Temperature extremes are important additional threats to Australian flying-foxes and the ecosystem services they provide, and we recommend close monitoring of colonies where temperatures exceeding 42.0 degrees C are predicted. The effects of temperature extremes on flying-foxes highlight the complex implications of climate change for behaviour, demography and species survival.
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            Environmental Warming and Feminization of One of the Largest Sea Turtle Populations in the World

            Michael P. Jensen, Camryn D. Allen, Tomoharu Eguchi … (2018)
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              A 10-year follow-up study of sex inclusion in the biological sciences

              Nicole Woitowich, Annaliese Beery, Teresa Woodruff (2020)
              In 2016, to address the historical overrepresentation of male subjects in biomedical research, the US National Institutes of Health implemented a policy requiring investigators to consider sex as a biological variable. In order to assess the impact of this policy, we conducted a bibliometric analysis across nine biological disciplines for papers published in 34 journals in 2019, and compared our results with those of a similar study carried out by Beery and Zucker in 2009. There was a significant increase in the proportion of studies that included both sexes across all nine disciplines, but in eight of the disciplines there was no change in the proportion studies that included data analyzed by sex. The majority of studies failed to provide rationale for single-sex studies or the lack of sex-based analyses, and those that did relied on misconceptions surrounding the hormonal variability of females. Together, these data demonstrate that while sex-inclusive research practices are more commonplace, there are still gaps in analyses and reporting of data by sex in many biological disciplines.
              Article 0 comments Cited 99 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Elena Gissi:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1666-8772
                elena.gissi@cnr.it
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Commun
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Commun
                Title: Nature Communications
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-1723
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 August 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 August 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 14
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4787
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Oceans Department, Hopkins Marine Station, , Stanford University, ; 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
                [2 ]GRID grid.466841.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1755 4130, National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science, , CNR ISMAR, Arsenale, ; Tesa 104 - Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy
                [3 ]National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133 Italy
                [4 ]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, History of Science, Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering and Environment, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
                [5 ]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Department of Biology, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, 94305 CA USA
                [6 ]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Stanford Woods Institute for The Environment, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, 94305 CA USA
                [7 ]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Center for Innovation in Global Health, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, 94305 CA USA
                [8 ]Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1666-8772
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3438-3081
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8227-8967
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-2579
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-5054
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-1438
                Article
                Publisher ID: 40316
                DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40316-8
                PMC ID: 10432542
                PubMed ID: 37587108
                SO-VID: 1f70ab0f-0f9d-4c4f-bf7a-542a5d99f90e
                Copyright © © Springer Nature Limited 2023
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 14 November 2022
                Date accepted : 14 July 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100010661, EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020);
                Award ID: 893614
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Comment
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer Nature Limited 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: phenology,conservation biology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: phenology, conservation biology

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