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      "PASS" principles for predictable bone regeneration.

      Implant dentistry
      Alveolar Ridge Augmentation, methods, Bone Regeneration, physiology, Dental Implants, Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal, Humans, Membranes, Artificial, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Osteogenesis, Suture Techniques, Wound Healing

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          Abstract

          Guided bone regeneration is a well-established technique used for augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges. Predictable regeneration requires both a high level of technical skill and a thorough understanding of underlying principles of wound healing. This article describes the 4 major biologic principles (i.e., PASS) necessary for predictable bone regeneration: primary wound closure to ensure undisturbed and uninterrupted wound healing, angiogenesis to provide necessary blood supply and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, space maintenance/creation to facilitate adequate space for bone ingrowth, and stability of wound and implant to induce blood clot formation and uneventful healing events. In addition, a novel flap design and clinical cases using this principle are presented.

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