Open-Source Multiparametric Optocardiography

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Abstract

Since the 1970s fluorescence imaging has become a leading tool in the discovery of mechanisms of cardiac function and arrhythmias. Gradual improvements in fluorescent probes and multi-camera technology have increased the power of optical mapping and made a major impact on the field of cardiac electrophysiology. Tandem-lens optical mapping systems facilitated simultaneous recording of multiple parameters characterizing cardiac function. However, high cost and technological complexity restricted its proliferation to the wider biological community. We present here, an open-source solution for multiple-camera tandem-lens optical systems for multiparametric mapping of transmembrane potential, intracellular calcium dynamics and other parameters in intact mouse hearts and in rat heart slices. This 3D-printable hardware and Matlab-based RHYTHM 1.2 analysis software are distributed under an MIT open-source license. Rapid prototyping permits the development of inexpensive, customized systems with broad functionality, allowing wider application of this technology outside biomedical engineering laboratories.

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New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures.

R Tsien (1980)

A new family of high-affinity buffers and optical indicators for Ca2+ is rationally designed and synthesized. The parent compound is 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), a relative of the well-known chelator EGTA [ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid] in which methylene links between oxygen and nitrogen are replaced by benzene rings. BAPTA and its derivatives share the high (greater than 10(5)) selectivity for Ca2+ over Mg2+ of EGTA but are very much less affected by pH changes and are faster at taking up and releasing Ca2+. The affinity of the parent compound for Ca2+ (dissociation constant 1.1 x 10(-7) M in 0.1 M KCl) may be strengthened or weakened by electron-releasing or -withdrawing substituents on the aromatic rings. The Ca2+ and Mg2+ affinities may further be altered by replacing the ether oxygens by heterocyclic nitrogen atoms. The compounds described are fluorescent Ca2+ indicators absorbing in the ultraviolet region; the very large spectral shifts observed on binding Ca2+ fit the prediction that complexation should hinder the conjugation of the nitrogen lone-pair electrons with the aromatic rings. Derivatives with quinoline nuclei are notable for their high sensitivity of fluorescent quantum yield to the binding of Ca2+ but not of Mg2+. Preliminary biological tests have so far revealed little or no binding to membranes or toxic effects following intracellular microinjection.

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Open-Source 3D-Printable Optics Equipment

Chenlong Zhang, Nicholas C. Anzalone, Rodrigo Faria … (2013)

Just as the power of the open-source design paradigm has driven down the cost of software to the point that it is accessible to most people, the rise of open-source hardware is poised to drive down the cost of doing experimental science to expand access to everyone. To assist in this aim, this paper introduces a library of open-source 3-D-printable optics components. This library operates as a flexible, low-cost public-domain tool set for developing both research and teaching optics hardware. First, the use of parametric open-source designs using an open-source computer aided design package is described to customize the optics hardware for any application. Second, details are provided on the use of open-source 3-D printers (additive layer manufacturing) to fabricate the primary mechanical components, which are then combined to construct complex optics-related devices. Third, the use of the open-source electronics prototyping platform are illustrated as control for optical experimental apparatuses. This study demonstrates an open-source optical library, which significantly reduces the costs associated with much optical equipment, while also enabling relatively easily adapted customizable designs. The cost reductions in general are over 97%, with some components representing only 1% of the current commercial investment for optical products of similar function. The results of this study make its clear that this method of scientific hardware development enables a much broader audience to participate in optical experimentation both as research and teaching platforms than previous proprietary methods.

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The €100 lab: A 3D-printable open-source platform for fluorescence microscopy, optogenetics, and accurate temperature control during behaviour of zebrafish, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans

Andre Maia Chagas, Lucia L. Prieto-Godino, Aristides Arrenberg … (2017)

Small, genetically tractable species such as larval zebrafish, Drosophila, or Caenorhabditis elegans have become key model organisms in modern neuroscience. In addition to their low maintenance costs and easy sharing of strains across labs, one key appeal is the possibility to monitor single or groups of animals in a behavioural arena while controlling the activity of select neurons using optogenetic or thermogenetic tools. However, the purchase of a commercial solution for these types of experiments, including an appropriate camera system as well as a controlled behavioural arena, can be costly. Here, we present a low-cost and modular open-source alternative called ‘FlyPi’. Our design is based on a 3D-printed mainframe, a Raspberry Pi computer, and high-definition camera system as well as Arduino-based optical and thermal control circuits. Depending on the configuration, FlyPi can be assembled for well under €100 and features optional modules for light-emitting diode (LED)-based fluorescence microscopy and optogenetic stimulation as well as a Peltier-based temperature stimulator for thermogenetics. The complete version with all modules costs approximately €200 or substantially less if the user is prepared to ‘shop around’. All functions of FlyPi can be controlled through a custom-written graphical user interface. To demonstrate FlyPi’s capabilities, we present its use in a series of state-of-the-art neurogenetics experiments. In addition, we demonstrate FlyPi’s utility as a medical diagnostic tool as well as a teaching aid at Neurogenetics courses held at several African universities. Taken together, the low cost and modular nature as well as fully open design of FlyPi make it a highly versatile tool in a range of applications, including the classroom, diagnostic centres, and research labs.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Sharon A. George: sharonag@email.gwu.edu

Igor R. Efimov:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-5039

efimov@gwu.edu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 24 January 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 24 January 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 721

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9510, GRID grid.253615.6, Department of Biomedical Engineering, , George Washington University, ; Washington, DC 20052 USA

[2 ]ISNI 0000000092721542, GRID grid.18763.3b, Laboratory of Human Physiology, , Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, ; Moscow, Russia

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2288 8774, GRID grid.448878.f, Institute of Personalized Medicine, , Sechenov University, ; Moscow, Russia

Author information

Igor R. Efimov http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-5039

Article

Publisher ID: 36809

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36809-y

PMC ID: 6346041

PubMed ID: 30679527

SO-VID: 2075a052-4119-4626-a308-e405f3d13d60

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 15 May 2018

Date accepted : 27 November 2018

Funding

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001674, Fondation Leducq;

Award ID: RHYTHM

Award Recipient : Brianna Cathey Sofian Obaid Sharon A. George Igor R. Efimov

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000050, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI);

Award ID: R01 HL126802

Award ID: R01 HL114395

Award ID: R01 HL126802

Award ID: R01 HL114395

Award Recipient : Brianna Cathey Sharon A. George Igor R. Efimov

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100006769, Russian Science Foundation (RSF);

Award ID: 14-31-00024

Award Recipient : Roman A. Pryamonosov

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002261, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR);

Award ID: 18-07-01480

Award Recipient : Roman A. Syunyaev

Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000070, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB);

Award ID: R21 EB023106

Award Recipient : Igor R. Efimov

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Open-Source Multiparametric Optocardiography

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Abstract

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Open source discrete and agent-based modeling frameworks for biology

Most cited references 37

New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures.

Open-Source 3D-Printable Optics Equipment

The €100 lab: A 3D-printable open-source platform for fluorescence microscopy, optogenetics, and accurate temperature control during behaviour of zebrafish, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans

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Cited by 7

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