Reference Intervals for Common Renal and Liver Function Clinical Chemistry Parameters Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women in South Wollo Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia

Abstract

Background

Physiological changes during pregnancy cause alterations in concentration of biochemical analytes. Thus, locally established pregnancy-specific reference intervals are important for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases. The objective of the study was to establish reference interval for the common renal and liver function clinical chemistry parameters among pregnant and non-pregnant women of South Wollo zone, Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 323 apparently healthy study participants randomly selected from South Wollo zone, Ethiopia, from April to June 2019. Medical history, physical examination and sociodemography were collected by using questionnaire. Liver and renal function clinical chemistry tests were done using A25 Biosystems, clinical chemistry analyzer. After the exclusion of outliers, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check its normality. The 95% RI with 95% confidence interval was established using the nonparametric method. The significance of differences was evaluated using Mann–Whitney U test.

Result

There was statistically significant variation between pregnant and non-pregnant women in values of albumin, T. protein, ALP, urea and creatinine, but not for AST, ALT, bilirubin (direct) and bilirubin (total). Reference intervals established for pregnant women includes albumin 26.14–42.87g/L, total protein 48.52–74.71 g/L, AST 2.4–43.6 U/L, ALT 0.94–28.35 U/L, ALP 21.2–337 U/L, bilirubin (direct) 0.03–0.32 mg/dL, bilirubin (total) 0.26–0.94 mg/dL, creatinine 0.29–0.87 mg/dL, urea 7.17–20.82 mg/dL. Albumin: 32.81–47.87, total protein: 56.71–83.9 U/L, AST: 4.2–37.1 U/L, ALT: 2.69–41.18 U/L, ALP: 3.22–278.7 U/L, bilirubin (direct) 0.1–0.51 mg/dL, bilirubin (total) 0.24–1.06 mg/dL, creatinine 0.44–1.00 mg/dL, urea 8.07–27.87 mg/dL for non-pregnant women.

Conclusion

The study showed marked difference in albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine. Therefore, physiological adaptations of pregnancy should be considered when interpreting liver and renal function tests in a pregnant woman.