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      Correction: Inferring Fish Escape Behaviour in Trawls Based on Catch Comparison Data: Model Development and Evaluation Based on Data from Skagerrak, Denmark

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          Abstract

          The images for Figures 3 and 4 are incorrectly switched. The image that appears as Figure 3 should be Figure 4, and the image that appears as Figure 4 should be Figure 3. The figure legends appear in the correct order. Please see the corrected Figure 3 here. 10.1371/journal.pone.0088819.g003 Figure 3 Catch comparison analysis and populations retained in both the experimental and standard trawls. Solid lines are mean estimates, and dotted lines indicate 95% confidence limits. Please see the corrected Figure 4 here. 10.1371/journal.pone.0088819.g004 Figure 4 Estimated average escape behaviour (contact rate) (solid black curve) ±95% confidence limits (broken black curves), estimated mean retention (grey curve), and length-based retention data (black dots). Only length classes included in the catch and that could not escape through the 120 mm nominal mesh size were included in the modelling for all species.

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          Inferring Fish Escape Behaviour in Trawls Based on Catch Comparison Data: Model Development and Evaluation Based on Data from Skagerrak, Denmark

          During the fishing process, fish react to a trawl with a series of behaviours that often are species and size specific. Thus, a thorough understanding of fish behaviour in relation to fishing gear and a scientific understanding of the ability of different gear designs to utilize or stimulate various behavioural patterns during the catching process are essential for developing more efficient, selective, and environmentally friendly trawls. Although many behavioural studies using optical and acoustic observation systems have been conducted, harsh observation conditions on the fishing grounds often hamper the ability to directly observe fish behaviour in relation to fishing gear. As an alternative to optical and acoustic methods, we developed and applied a new mathematical model to catch data to extract detailed and quantitative information about species- and size-dependent escape behaviour in towed fishing gear such as trawls. We used catch comparison data collected with a twin trawl setup; the only difference between the two trawls was that a 12 m long upper section was replaced with 800 mm diamond meshes in one of them. We investigated the length-based escape behaviour of cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), saithe (Pollachius virens), witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), and lemon sole (Microstomus kitt) and quantified the extent to which behavioural responses set limits for the large mesh panel’s selective efficiency. Around 85% of saithe, 80% of haddock, 44% of witch flounder, 55% of lemon sole, and 55% of cod (below 68 cm) contacted the large mesh panel and escaped. We also demonstrated the need to account for potential selectivity in the trawl body, as it can bias the assessment of length-based escape behaviour. Our indirect assessment of fish behaviour was in agreement with the direct observations made for the same species in a similar section of the trawl body reported in the literature.
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            Author and article information

            Journal
            PLoS One
            PLoS ONE
            plos
            plosone
            PLoS ONE
            Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
            1932-6203
            2014
            20 June 2014
            : 9
            : 6
            : e100605
            Article
            PONE-D-14-24076
            10.1371/journal.pone.0100605
            4065068
            24949632
            23568273-205f-4897-b4ea-5206794bdd36
            Copyright @ 2014

            This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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