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      Quantifying Biofield Therapy through Biophoton Emission in a Cellular Model

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          Abstract

          Biofield therapy has shown positive results over a broad range of pathology from preclinical research to human studies. However, biofield therapy investigation is limited by an inability to quantify the therapeutic effect. This study aimed to measure the effects Reiki had on mice intervertebral disc (IVD) cells compared with sham and to quantify Reiki by measuring photon emission. We treated mice IVD cells with ten-minute sessions of either Reiki or sham on three successive days. During treatment, we placed the cells in a specifically constructed box with an installed photomultiplier tube (PMT). Reiki significantly increased the photon emission of the cells post-treatment compared with Reiki pre-treatment and sham ( p < 0.05). Real time PCR (RT PCR) showed an increase in collagen II and aggrecan ( p < 0.05). We present a means to quantify biofield therapy by measuring the post-treatment photon emission. We concurrently demonstrate Reiki’s effect on the anabolic healing response.

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          Ultra-weak photon emission from biological samples: definition, mechanisms, properties, detection and applications.

          Michal Cifra, Pavel Pospíšil (2014)
          This review attempts to summarize molecular mechanisms, spectral and intensity properties, detection techniques and applications of ultra-weak photon emission. Ultra-weak photon emission is the chemiluminescence from biological systems where electronically excited species are formed during oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes. It is generally accepted that photons are emitted (1) at near UVA, visible, and near IR spectral ranges from 350 to 1300nm and (2) at the intensity of photon emission in the range of several units to several hundreds (oxidative metabolic process) and several hundreds to several thousands (oxidative stress process) photons s(-1)cm(-2). Current development in detection using low-noise photomultiplier tubes and imaging using highly sensitive charge coupled device cameras allows temporal and spatial visualization of oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes, respectively. As the phenomenon of ultra-weak photon emission reflects oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes, it can be widely used as a non-invasive tool for monitoring of the physiological state of biological systems. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Electromagnetic cellular interactions.

            Ashkan Farhadi, Jeremy Fields, Michal Cifra (2011)
            Chemical and electrical interaction within and between cells is well established. Just the opposite is true about cellular interactions via other physical fields. The most probable candidate for an other form of cellular interaction is the electromagnetic field. We review theories and experiments on how cells can generate and detect electromagnetic fields generally, and if the cell-generated electromagnetic field can mediate cellular interactions. We do not limit here ourselves to specialized electro-excitable cells. Rather we describe physical processes that are of a more general nature and probably present in almost every type of living cell. The spectral range included is broad; from kHz to the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. We show that there is a rather large number of theories on how cells can generate and detect electromagnetic fields and discuss experimental evidence on electromagnetic cellular interactions in the modern scientific literature. Although small, it is continuously accumulating. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Possible existence of optical communication channels in the brain

              Sourabh Kumar, Kristine Boone, Jack Adam Tuszynski … (2016)
              Given that many fundamental questions in neuroscience are still open, it seems pertinent to explore whether the brain might use other physical modalities than the ones that have been discovered so far. In particular it is well established that neurons can emit photons, which prompts the question whether these biophotons could serve as signals between neurons, in addition to the well-known electro-chemical signals. For such communication to be targeted, the photons would need to travel in waveguides. Here we show, based on detailed theoretical modeling, that myelinated axons could serve as photonic waveguides, taking into account realistic optical imperfections. We propose experiments, both in vivo and in vitro, to test our hypothesis. We discuss the implications of our results, including the question whether photons could mediate long-range quantum entanglement in the brain.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jeremy B. Kent
                Li Jin
                Xudong Joshua Li
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 9886964
                Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 50045
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Sci Explor
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Sci Explor
                Title: Journal of scientific exploration : a publication of the Society for Scientific Exploration
                ISSN (Print): 0892-3310
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 13 October 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 September 2020
                Publication date (Print): Fall 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 November 2020
                Volume: 34
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 434-454
                Affiliations
                Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia Athletics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia USA
                Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia
                Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System
                Author notes
                Article
                Manuscript ID: NIHMS1635390
                DOI: 10.31275/20201691
                PMC ID: 7676814
                SO-VID: 236aa633-e37f-4fe8-b674-d61dcf1551f4
                License:

                Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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