31
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      ATP measurement as method to monitor the quality of reprocessing flexible endoscopes Translated title: ATP-Bestimmung als Methode zur Qualitätskontrolle der Endoskopaufbereitung

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Insufficient performance of cleaning and disinfection of flexible endoscopes can pose an infection risk to patients. Actually quality of reprocessing is checked by performing microbiological cultures. Unfortunately, their results are not available on the same day so that more rapid methods are desirable. We compared the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) bioluminescence for hygiene checking of the reprocessing procedures of 108 flexible endoscopes with routine microbiological culture technics. Sensitivity and specifity of ATP bioluminescence was calculated. 28 endoscopes showed bacterial growth of at least one sample. Depending on the applied threshold of bioluminescence between 67 and 28 endoscopes were positive. Sensitivity varied between 0.46 and 0.75 and specifity between 0.43 and 0.81. ATP bioluminescence does not replace routine microbiologic methods but it can indicate the need of immediate check of reprocessing.

          Translated abstract

          Von unzureichender Reinigung und Desinfektion flexibler Endoskope können Infektionsrisiken für Patienten ausgehen. Die Endoskopaufbereitung wird derzeit durch mikrobiologische Untersuchungen kontrolliert. Der Nachteil ist, dass die Ergebnisse oft erst nach Tagen vorliegen, so dass ein Schnelltest wünschenswert wäre. Wir verglichen die ATP(Adenosintriphosphat)-Biolumineszenz-Bestimmung zur hygienischen Kontrolle der Endoskopaufbereitung mit konventionellen mikrobiologischen Kulturen bei 108 flexiblen Endoskopen und bestimmten die Sensitivität und Spezifität der ATP-Biolumineszenz. 28 Endoskope zeigten mindestens in einer mikrobiologischen Kultur Bakterienwachstum. Abhängig vom zugrunde gelegten Grenzwert der Biolumineszenz waren zwischen 67 und 28 der Endoskope bei der ATP-Bestimmung positiv. Die Sensitivität der ATP-Bestimmung lag zwischen 0,46 und 0,75, die Spezifität zwischen 0,43 und 0,81. Die ATP-Bestimmung ersetzt nicht die regelmäßigen mikrobiologischen Untersuchungen, sie kann jedoch die Notwendigkeit einer sofortigen Überprüfung der Aufbereitungsmodalitäten anzeigen.

          Related collections

          Most cited references18

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Patient-to-patient transmission of hepatitis C virus during colonoscopy.

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Patient-to-patient transmission of Campylobacter pylori infection by fiberoptic gastroduodenoscopy and biopsy.

            Three instances of subclinical reinfection with Campylobacter pylori were observed in two successfully treated patients during follow-up of C. pylori gastritis. The reinfections occurred 1 month and 21 months (patient 1) and 32 months (patient 2) after the completion of antibacterial treatment. Sequential measurement by ELISA of serum IgG antibody levels to the microorganism showed a significant increase in two of the three instances of reinfection. Patient-to-patient transmission was proved by restriction enzyme analysis of bacterial DNA. Between patients the endoscope had been mechanically cleaned using a detergent and treated with 70% ethanol. The risk of gastroscopic cross-infection with C. pylori was estimated by retrospective analysis of the data of 281 negative examinations (107 in 47 initially negative patients and 174 in 37 cured patients). The frequency in uninfected patients of documented endoscopic transmission of C. pylori infection was 1.1% in this study, corresponding with three iatrogenic acquisitions of manifest infection for every 1000 gastroduodenoscopies in our clinic.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Report of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee.

              (1998)
              Two per cent glutaraldehyde is the most commonly used disinfectant in endoscopy units within the UK. Unfortunately adverse reactions to glutaraldehyde are common among endoscopy personnel and the Health and Safety Commission has recommended substantial reductions in atmospheric levels of glutaraldehyde in order to comply with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, 1994. The Working Party addressed ways of eliminating or minimising exposure to glutaraldehyde in endoscopy units by reviewing alternative disinfectants and the use of automated washer/disinfectors. Alternatives to glutaraldehyde must be at least as microbicidal as glutaraldehyde, non-irritating and compatible with endoscope components and decontamination equipment. Peracetic acid is a highly effective disinfectant and may be a suitable alternative to glutaraldehyde. Peracetic acid has a vinegary-like odour and is claimed to be less irritating than glutaraldehyde. Experience with this agent remains relatively limited and the Working Party recommends that peracetic acid should be used in sealed or exhaust ventilated facilities until further experience is obtained. It is considerably more expensive than glutaraldehyde, is less stable and large volumes have to be stored. It causes cosmetic (but not functional) damage to endoscopes and is not compatible with some washer/ disinfectors. Chlorine dioxide is a powerful oxidising agent and highly effective as a disinfectant. Once activated it must be stored in sealed containers with little head space. Fumes cause irritation and sealed or exhaust ventilated facilities are necessary. The agent may damage some metallic and polymer components of endoscopes and automated washer/disinfectors and compatibility should be established with equipment manufacturers before the agent is used. Other disinfectants such as peroxygen compounds and quaternary ammonium derivatives are less suitable because of unsatisfactory mycobactericidal and/or virucidal activity, or incompatibility with endoscopes and automated washer/disinfectors. Alcohol is effective but, on prolonged contact, is damaging to lens cements. It is also flammable and therefore unsuitable for use in large quantities in automated systems. Superoxidised water (Sterilox) is an electrochemical solution (anolyte) containing a mixture of radicals with strong oxidising properties. It is highly microbicidal when freshly generated, provided items are thoroughly clean and strict generation criteria are met--that is, current, pH, redox potential. It seems to be safe for users and provided field trials substantiate laboratory efficacy tests, and the agent is non-damaging, it too may become an alternative to glutaraldehyde. When 2% glutaraldehyde is used for manual and automated disinfection, 10 minutes' immersion is recommended for endoscopes before the session and between patients. This will destroy vegetative bacteria and viruses (including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV). A five minute contact period is recommended for 0.35% peracetic acid and for chlorine dioxide (1100 ppm av ClO2), but if immersed for 10 minutes sporicidal activity will also be achieved. At the end of each session 20 minutes' immersion in glutaraldehyde or five minutes in peracetic acid or chlorine dioxide is recommended. Microbiological studies show that 20 minutes of exposure to 2% glutaraldehyde destroys most organisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Working Party concludes therefore that immersion of the endoscope in 2% glutaraldehyde for 20 minutes is sufficient for endoscopy involving patients with AIDS and other immunodeficiency states or pulmonary tuberculosis. Similarly, 20 minutes' immersion is recommended at the start of the list and between cases for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) when high level disinfection is required. Cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes should be undertaken by trained staff in a dedicated room. Thorough cleaning with detergent
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ger Med Sci
                Ger Med Sci
                German Medical Science : GMS e-journal
                German Medical Science
                1612-3174
                26 April 2004
                2004
                : 2
                : Doc04
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dorothea Hansen, Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland, E-mail: dorothea.hansen@ 123456uni-essen.de
                Article
                000014
                2703208
                19675687
                2480d170-5cd0-4d7e-98ea-6b78982122b6
                Copyright © 2004 Hansen et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 19 January 2004
                Categories
                Article

                Medicine
                56-65-5, adenosine triphosphate
                Medicine
                56-65-5, adenosine triphosphate

                Comments

                Comment on this article