Parenting style during childhood is associated with the development of chronic pain and a patient's need for psychosomatic treatment in adulthood

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Abstract

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between parenting style and chronic pain and the patients’ need for psychosomatic treatment in adulthood.

We compared 4 combinations of 2 parenting style subscales, high and low care and overprotection, among the following 4 age- and sex-matched groups: community-dwelling subjects without chronic pain (n = 100), community-dwelling subjects with chronic pain (n = 100), outpatients with chronic pain (n = 50), and inpatients with chronic pain (n = 50). Parenting style was assessed for both the mother and father by use of the Parental Bonding Instrument questionnaire. The parenting style associated with the worst outcome was defined as both low care and high overprotection, as reported in previous studies.

The frequency of reported adverse parenting style was significantly higher among chronic pain patients than community-dwelling subjects without chronic pain (all P < .05). The odds ratios for an adverse parenting style significantly increased through the categories after adjusting for demographic factors and the pain visual analog scale ( P for trend <.01).

These findings suggest that parental low care and high overprotection during childhood contribute to the future risk of chronic pain and the patients’ need for psychosomatic treatment in adulthood.

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Most cited references 35

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Estimating the future course of musculoskeletal pain is an important consideration in the primary care consultation for patients and healthcare professionals. Studies of prognostic indicators tend to have been viewed in relation to each site separately, however, an alternative view is that some prognostic indicators may be common across different sites of musculoskeletal pain. To identify generic prognostic indicators for patients with musculoskeletal pain in primary care. Systematic review. Observational cohort studies in primary care. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and CINAHL electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2006. Inclusion criteria were that the study was a primary care-based cohort, published in English and contained information on prognostic indicators for musculoskeletal conditions. Forty-five studies were included. Eleven factors, assessed at baseline, were found to be associated with poor outcome at follow up for at least two different regional pain complaints: higher pain severity at baseline, longer pain duration, multiple-site pain, previous pain episodes, anxiety and/or depression, higher somatic perceptions and/or distress, adverse coping strategies, low social support, older age, higher baseline disability, and greater movement restriction. Despite substantial heterogeneity in the design and analysis of original studies, this review has identified potential generic prognostic indicators that may be useful when assessing any regional musculoskeletal pain complaint. However, Its unclear whether these indicators, used alone, or in combination, can correctly estimate the likely course of individual patients' problems. Further research is needed, particularly in peripheral joint pain and using assessment methods feasible for routine practice.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Medicine (Baltimore)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Medicine (Baltimore)

Journal ID (publisher-id): MEDI

Title: Medicine

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health

ISSN (Print): 0025-7974

ISSN (Electronic): 1536-5964

Publication date Collection: 17 July 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2020

Volume: 99

Issue: 29

Electronic Location Identifier: e21230

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital

[b ]Department of Epidemiology and Public Health

[c ]Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University

[d ]Kyushu University

[e ]Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases

[f ]Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Author notes

[∗ ]Correspondence: Masako Hosoi, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan (e-mail: hosoi.masako.642@ 123456m.kyushu-u.ac.jp ).

Author information

Masako Hosoi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-5847

Article

Publisher ID: MD-D-20-01974 Accession ID: 21230

DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000021230

PMC ID: 7373500

PubMed ID: 32702896

SO-VID: 24a3dc46-3fdf-4d45-9ac0-bdf3ad32bddc

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

History

Date received : 4 March 2020

Date revision received : 14 May 2020

Date accepted : 10 June 2020