Analyzing the Quality, Reliability, and Educational Value of ACL Rehabilitation Exercises on TikTok: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Background:

Videos relating to rehabilitation exercises for common injuries relevant to younger populations such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear receive high view counts on social media platforms such as TikTok.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality, reliability, and educational value of TikTok videos among the patient population for ACL injury. It was hypothesized that TikTok videos related to ACL rehabilitation exercises would lack quality, reliability, and educational value.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

TikTok was queried for relevant videos using the hashtags “#ACLrehab” and “#ACLexercises.” For each included video, the type of uploader (general user or health care professional) was identified. In addition, the number of views, likes, shares, comments, and favorites for each included video was recorded, and the content of each video was graded using the DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and the ACL exercise education score (ACLEES - a custom-designed tool for the evaluation of ACL-related exercises).

Results:

A total of 111 videos with 5,520,660 cumulative views were included; the median number of views per video was 9801.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 3583.0-28,000.0). Of these videos, 84 and 27 were created by the general public and health care professionals, respectively. The videos collectively received 335,577 likes, 2969 comments, 22,856 favorites, and 6142 shares, with a median of 439 (IQR, 111-1374), 10 (IQR, 2.5-25.5), 54 (IQR, 18-172.5), and 12 (IQR, 2-36), respectively. The tabulated scores for the DISCERN and ACLEES between general users and health care professionals were all statistically nonsignificant. Health care professionals had a higher percentage of videos with a “very poor” DISCERN score in comparison with the general public (66.67% vs 53.57%, respectively).

Conclusion:

The overall educational value of the TikTok videos related to ACL rehabilitation exercises was very poor. Health care professionals should be aware of the broad distribution of ACL rehabilitation exercise videos that are accessible on TikTok and raise awareness of the deficiencies of the platform as a medium for educational medical-related information.

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Most cited references 35

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A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research.

Terry Koo, Mae Li (2016)

Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a widely used reliability index in test-retest, intrarater, and interrater reliability analyses. This article introduces the basic concept of ICC in the content of reliability analysis.

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DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices.

D Charnock, S Shepperd, G Needham … (1999)

To develop a short instrument, called DISCERN, which will enable patients and information providers to judge the quality of written information about treatment choices. DISCERN will also facilitate the production of new, high quality, evidence-based consumer health information. An expert panel, representing a range of expertise in consumer health information, generated criteria from a random sample of information for three medical conditions with varying degrees of evidence: myocardial infarction, endometriosis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. A graft instrument, based on this analysis, was tested by the panel on a random sample of new material for the same three conditions. The panel re-drafted the instrument to take account of the results of the test. The DISCERN instrument was finally tested by a national sample of 15 information providers and 13 self help group members on a random sample of leaflets from 19 major national self help organisations. Participants also completed an 8 item questionnaire concerning the face and content validity of the instrument. Chance corrected agreement (weighted kappa) for the overall quality rating was kappa = 0.53 (95% CI kappa = 0.48 to kappa = 0.59) among the expert panel, kappa = 0.40 (95% CI kappa = 0.36 to kappa = 0.43) among information providers, and kappa = 0.23 (95% CI kappa = 0.19 to kappa = 0.27) among self help group members. Higher agreement levels were associated with experience of using the instrument and with professional knowledge of consumer health information. Levels of agreement varied across individual items on the instrument, reflecting the need for subjectivity in rating certain criteria. The trends in levels of agreement were similar among all groups. The final instrument consisted of 15 questions plus an overall quality rating. Responses to the questionnaire after the final testing revealed the instrument to have good face and content validity and to be generally applicable. DISCERN is a reliable and valid instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information. While some subjectivity is required for rating certain criteria, the findings demonstrate that the instrument can be applied by experienced users and providers of health information to discriminate between publications of high and low quality. The instrument will also be of benefit to patients, though its use will be improved by training.

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Is Open Access

Social media use in healthcare: A systematic review of effects on patients and on their relationship with healthcare professionals

Edin Smailhodzic, Wyanda Hooijsma, Albert Boonstra … (2016)

Background Since the emergence of social media in 2004, a growing percentage of patients use this technology for health related reasons. To reflect on the alleged beneficial and potentially harmful effects of social media use by patients, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the extant literature on the effects of social media use for health related reasons on patients and their relationship with healthcare professionals. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review on empirical research regarding the effects of social media use by patients for health related reasons. The papers we included met the following selection criteria: (1) published in a peer-reviewed journal, (2) written in English, (3) full text available to the researcher, (4) contain primary empirical data, (5) the users of social media are patients, (6) the effects of patients using social media are clearly stated, (7) satisfy established quality criteria. Results Initially, a total of 1,743 articles were identified from which 22 were included in the study. From these articles six categories of patients’ use of social media were identified, namely: emotional, information, esteem, network support, social comparison and emotional expression. The types of use were found to lead to seven identified types of effects on patients, namely improved self-management and control, enhanced psychological well-being, and enhanced subjective well-being, diminished subjective well-being, addiction to social media, loss of privacy, and being targeted for promotion. Social media use by patients was found to affect the healthcare professional and patient relationship, by leading to more equal communication between the patient and healthcare professional, increased switching of doctors, harmonious relationships, and suboptimal interaction between the patient and healthcare professional. Conclusions Our review provides insights into the emerging utilization of social media in healthcare. In particular, it identifies types of use by patients as well as the effects of such use, which may differ between patients and doctors. Accordingly, our results framework and propositions can serve to guide future research, and they also have practical implications for healthcare providers and policy makers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1691-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Orthop J Sports Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Orthop J Sports Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): OJS

Journal ID (hwp): spojs

Title: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )

ISSN (Electronic): 2325-9671

Publication date (Electronic): 21 December 2023

Publication date Collection: December 2023

Volume: 11

Issue: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 23259671231218668

Affiliations

[† ]School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

[‡ ]Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

[3-23259671231218668]Investigation performed at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA

Author notes

[*] [* ]Mikhail A. Bethell, MS, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, 124 Davison Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA (email: mikhail.bethell@ 123456duke.edu ) (Twitter: @mikhail_bethell).

Article

Publisher ID: 10.1177_23259671231218668

DOI: 10.1177/23259671231218668

PMC ID: 10748931

PubMed ID: 38145222

SO-VID: 2710595d-3532-4f76-8a6a-2a7ee2484e6d

License:

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

History

Date received : 17 May 2023

Date accepted : 11 July 2023

Custom metadata

cover-date December 2023

typesetter ts1

Keywords: acl,educational value,rehabilitation,reliability,tiktok

Data availability:

Keywords: acl, educational value, rehabilitation, reliability, tiktok

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Analyzing the Quality, Reliability, and Educational Value of ACL Rehabilitation Exercises on TikTok: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Background:

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Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences

Most cited references 35

A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research.

DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices.

Social media use in healthcare: A systematic review of effects on patients and on their relationship with healthcare professionals

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