Structure and genetics of  Escherichia coli  O antigens

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ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current standard in defining strains for taxonomy and epidemiology, providing the basis for many serotyping schemes for Gram-negative bacteria. This review covers the diversity in E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and the genetic basis for the structural diversity. Of the 187 formally defined O antigens, six (O31, O47, O67, O72, O94 and O122) have since been removed and three (O34, O89 and O144) strains do not produce any O antigen. Therefore, structures are presented for 176 of the 181 E. coli O antigens, some of which include subgroups. Most (93%) of these O antigens are synthesized via the Wzx/Wzy pathway, 11 via the ABC transporter pathway, with O20, O57 and O60 still uncharacterized due to failure to find their O antigen gene clusters. Biosynthetic pathways are given for 38 of the 49 sugars found in E. coli O antigens, and several pairs or groups of the E. coli antigens that have related structures show close relationships of the O antigen gene clusters within clades, thereby highlighting the genetic basis of the evolution of diversity.

Abstract

This review summarizes the diversity of E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and gives a systematic analysis of the genetic basis for structural diversity.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Bin Liu

Axel Furevi

Andrei V Perepelov

Xi Guo

Hengchun Cao

Quan Wang

Peter R Reeves

Yuriy A Knirel

Lei Wang

Göran Widmalm

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): FEMS Microbiol Rev

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): FEMS Microbiol Rev

Journal ID (publisher-id): femsre

Title: FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISSN (Print): 0168-6445

ISSN (Electronic): 1574-6976

Publication date (Electronic): 28 November 2019

Publication date Collection: November 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 28 November 2019

Volume: 44

Issue: 6

Pages: 655-683

Affiliations

TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology , Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China

The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education , 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China