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      Endemismo a diferentes escalas espaciales: un ejemplo con Carabidae (Coleóptera: Insecta) de América del Sur austral Translated title: Endemism at different spatial scales: an example with Carabidae (Coleóptera: Insecta) of austral South America

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          Abstract

          Analizamos aproximadamente 4.000 registros correspondientes a 426 especies/subespecies de carábidos presentes en la región de América del Sur austral mediante análisis de endemicidad, considerando diferentes tamaños de celda. Para este análisis usamos el programa NDM/VNDM el cual implementa una función de llenado (R. fill) que permite inferir presencias potenciales de especies a partir de los datos de presencia observados. En este análisis exploramos el uso de diferentes valores de esta función y observamos sus efectos en los resultados obtenidos. Las áreas de endemismo encontradas se compararon con regionalizaciones biogeográficas propuestas previamente. Se obtuvieron numerosas áreas de endemismo, coincidentes en forma total o parcial con áreas naturales anteriormente descritas para la zona. Algunas de estas áreas fueron recuperadas en todos los tamaños de celda usados, mientras que otras solo se identificaron bajo un tamaño de celda específico. En general, el empleo de celdas pequeñas facilitó la identificación de áreas de endemismo disyuntas y áreas de corta extensión, mientras el uso de celdas mayores permitió la identificación de áreas de gran extensión geográfica que resultan fragmentadas al usar celdas más pequeñas. Con el aumento en los valores de R. fill usados se observó un incremento en el número de áreas de endemismo y especies endémicas. Nuestros resultados muestran que áreas de endemismo de diversas características se manifiestan al emplear diferentes combinaciones de R. fill y tamaño de grilla, enfatizando la importancia de explorar distintas opciones en los análisis durante la búsqueda de patrones de distribución.

          Translated abstract

          In this paper we perform an endemicity analysis using ca 4,000 distributional records from 426 carabid species/subspecies distributed along austral South America. We used the program NDM/VNDM which implements a fill function (R. fill) to heuristically assign species' potential occurrence from observed presences. In the present analysis we use different grid sizes, and also we explore different values for the fill function (R. fill). The areas of endemism identified by NDM/VNDM were compared with previous biogeographical hypotheses. Some resulting areas of endemism were recognized through the whole range of grid sizes, while others could only be identified by using a particular grid size. In general, the use of small cells helped identify disjunct areas of endemism, as well as small ones, whereas big cells were convenient for the identification of broad areas that appeared as fragmented if smaller cells were used. In general, as R.fill function increased, the number of recognized areas of endemism and endemic species also increased. Our results show that areas of endemism with diverse traits can be derived from a singular combination of R. fill and grid size, emphasizing the importance of exploring different analytical options during the identification of distributional patterns.

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          Spatial prediction of species distribution: an interface between ecological theory and statistical modelling

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            Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of the entomofauna.

            Track and cladistic biogeographic analyses based on insect taxa are used as a framework to interpret patterns of the Latin American and Caribbean entomofauna by identifying biogeographic areas on the basis of endemicity and arranging them hierarchically in a system of regions, subregions, dominions, and provinces. The Nearctic region, inhabited by Holarctic insect taxa, comprises five provinces: California, Baja California, Sonora, Mexican Plateau, and Tamaulipas. The Mexican transition zone comprises five provinces: Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Balsas Basin, and Sierra Madre del Sur. The Neotropical region, which harbors many insect taxa with close relatives in the tropical areas of the Old World, comprises four subregions: Caribbean, Amazonian, Chacoan, and Parana. The South American transition zone comprises five provinces: North Andean Paramo, Coastal Peruvian Desert, Puna, Atacama, Prepuna, and Monte. The Andean region, which harbors insect taxa with close relatives in the Austral continents, comprises three subregions: Central Chilean, Subantarctic, and Patagonian.
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              Latitudinal Gradients of Biodiversity: Pattern, Process, Scale, and Synthesis

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchnat
                Revista chilena de historia natural
                Rev. chil. hist. nat.
                Sociedad de Biología de Chile (Santiago, , Chile )
                0716-078X
                March 2009
                : 82
                : 1
                : 17-42
                Affiliations
                [03] Mendoza orgnameInstituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA) orgdiv1Laboratorio de Entomología Argentina
                [02] Tucumán orgnameInstituto Miguel Lillo Argentina
                [01] orgnameInstituto Superior de Entomología - Dr. Abraham Willink Argentina dcasagranda@ 123456csnat.unt.edu.ar
                Article
                S0716-078X2009000100002 S0716-078X(09)08200102
                10.4067/S0716-078X2009000100002
                28b5e1fc-319d-40d2-a5fc-2e2bd713fcf7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 September 2008
                : 30 May 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS

                austral South America,análisis de endemicidad,endemicity analysis,Carabidae,spatial scale,América del Sur austral,escala espacial

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