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Abstract
Some people who come close to death report having experiences in which they transcend
the boundaries of the ego and the confines of time and space. Such near-death experiences
(NDEs) share some features with the phenomenon of dissociation, in which a person's
self identity becomes detached from bodily sensation. This study explored the frequency
of dissociative symptoms in people who had come close to death.
96 individuals who had had self-reported NDEs, and 38 individuals who had come close
to death but who had not had NDEs completed a mailed questionnaire that included a
measure of "depth" of near-death experience (the NDE scale) and a measure of dissociative
symptoms (the Dissociative Experiences Scale). Median scores in the two groups were
compared with Mann-Whitney U tests. The association between depth of NDE and dissociative
symptoms was tested by Spearman's rank-order correlation between scores on the NDE
scale and the dissociative experiences scale.
People who reported NDEs also reported significantly more dissociative symptoms than
did the comparison group. Among those who reported NDEs, the depth of the experience
was positively correlated with dissociative symptoms, although the level of symptoms
was substantially lower than that of patients with pathological dissociative disorders.
The pattern of dissociative symptoms reported by people who have had NDEs is consistent
with a non-pathological dissociative response to stress, and not with a psychiatric
disorder. A greater understanding of the mechanism of dissociation may shed further
light on near-death and other mystical or transcendental experiences.