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      Preparación académica previa y desempeño académico de estudiantes de primer año de una escuela de medicina Translated title: Previous academic achievement and academic performance among students enrolled in the first year in a medical school

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Son varios los factores asociados al éxito o fracaso académico del estudiante, entre los que se encuentra la preparación académica previa al ingreso a la licenciatura de médico cirujano. En este estudio, la preparación académica de los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a medicina se evaluó por el examen de diagnóstico que se aplica de manera institucional a las nuevas generaciones de alumnos. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación del desempeño académico en las asignaturas de anatomía, biología celular e histología médica y bioquímica y biología molecular vs los 8 temas del examen diagnóstico por bachillerato de procedencia. Método: Estudio de correlación entre la calificación promedio de los exámenes de 3 asignaturas de primer año vs examen diagnóstico de 4,716 estudiantes de 4 generaciones de medicina, ciclos escolares 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015 y 2015-2016. Las correlaciones se determinaron por niveles, de lo general a lo particular por tipo de bachillerato. Resultados: El determinar las correlaciones por plantel del bachillerato de procedencia reveló que cada uno de los 8 temas del examen diagnóstico presentó valores altos de correlación, lo que permite postular modelos de regresión para predecir el desempeño académico de los estudiantes en las 3 asignaturas revisadas. Conclusiones: Abordar el estudio por nivel del bachillerato de procedencia, permitió identificar las mayores correlaciones y, por lo tanto, generar modelos de regresión que podrían predecir el probable desempeño académico de los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la licenciatura de Médico Cirujano. Se confirmó que los estudiantes con mayor probabilidad de éxito académico fueron los que tenían un bagaje de conocimientos previos más integral.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: There are several factors associated with student’s academic success or failure among which high school attainment before enrolled to the medical school is included. The previous academic achievement of new students was evaluated by a diagnostic test that was used in the present work. Objective: To determine the correlation of academic performance in the courses of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Medical Histology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology vs eight topics from the diagnostic test by the high school’s origin. Method: Correlational study between the average grade in the evaluation of three first-year courses vs the diagnostic evaluation of 4716 students of four medical students’ classes. Correlations were determined by levels, from general to particular and by high school of origin. Results: Determining correlations by bachelors’ school of origin revealed that each of the eight subjects of the diagnostic exam presented high correlation values, which allows postulating regression models to predict students’ academic performance in the three courses reviewed. Conclusions: Approaching the study by high school allowed identifying the highest correlations and therefore generating regression models that could predict the probable academic performance of new students enrolled in the medical school. It was confirmed that the students with the highest probability of academic success are those with the most comprehensive background knowledge.

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          Most cited references14

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          Factors associated with success in medical school: systematic review of the literature.

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            Medical school dropout--testing at admission versus selection by highest grades as predictors.

            Very few studies have reported on the effect of admission tests on medical school dropout. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of non-grade-based admission testing versus grade-based admission relative to subsequent dropout. This prospective cohort study followed six cohorts of medical students admitted to the medical school at the University of Southern Denmark during 2002-2007 (n=1544). Half of the students were admitted based on their prior achievement of highest grades (Strategy 1) and the other half took a composite non-grade-based admission test (Strategy 2). Educational as well as social predictor variables (doctor-parent, origin, parenthood, parents living together, parent on benefit, university-educated parents) were also examined. The outcome of interest was students' dropout status at 2 years after admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to model dropout. Strategy 2 (admission test) students had a lower relative risk for dropping out of medical school within 2 years of admission (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.80). Only the admission strategy, the type of qualifying examination and the priority given to the programme on the national application forms contributed significantly to the dropout model. Social variables did not predict dropout and neither did Strategy 2 admission test scores. Selection by admission testing appeared to have an independent, protective effect on dropout in this setting. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011.
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              Variables asociadas al éxito académico en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Medicina de la UNAM

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                iem
                Investigación en educación médica
                Investigación educ. médica
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                2007-5057
                September 2022
                : 11
                : 43
                : 90-98
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Fisiología Mexico
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Mexico
                Article
                S2007-50572022000300090 S2007-5057(22)01104300090
                10.22201/fm.20075057e.2022.43.21423
                2b1402c5-e524-41ca-8a06-f32a982c6891

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 January 2022
                : 05 April 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Desempeño académico,Correlational studies,high school achievement,medicine,medical school,academic performance,correlación,conocimientos previos,medicina,escuela de medicina

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