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      Digitale Versorgungsformen zur Personalisierung der stationsäquivalenten Behandlung Translated title: Digital forms of service delivery for personalized crisis resolution and home treatment

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Die stationsäquivalente psychiatrische Behandlung (StäB) wurde 2018 als Krankenhausleistung für Menschen eingeführt, die die Kriterien einer stationären Behandlung erfüllen. Die rasanten Fortschritte im Bereich der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie bieten neue Chancen für innovative digitale Versorgungsangebote wie telemedizinische, eHealth- oder mHealth-Verfahren.

          Ziel der Arbeit

          Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll einen umfassenden Überblick über neue digitale Versorgungsformen geben, die zur Personalisierung der StäB bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen beitragen und somit klinische und soziale Outcomes verbessern sowie direkte und indirekte Kosten reduzieren könnten.

          Methode

          Diese Arbeit basiert auf einer selektiven Literaturrecherche (Narratives Review).

          Ergebnisse

          Es wurden vier primäre digitale Versorgungsformen identifiziert, die in der StäB gewinnbringend genutzt werden könnten: (1) Kommunikation, Behandlungskontinuität und -flexibilität durch Online-Chat und Videotelefonie, (2) Monitoring von Symptomen und Verhaltensweisen in Echtzeit durch Anwendung des ambulatorischen Assessments („ecological momentary assessment“ [EMA]), (3) Nutzung multimodaler EMA-Daten für die Generierung von personalisiertem Feedback über subjektives Erleben und Verhaltensmuster sowie (4) auf Person, Moment und Kontext zugeschnittene, adaptive ambulatorische Interventionen („ecological momentary interventions“ [EMIs]).

          Diskussion

          Digitale Versorgungsformen haben erhebliches Potenzial die Effektivität und Kosteneffektivität der StäB zu steigern. Ein wichtiger nächster Schritt besteht darin, die Anwendung dieser Versorgungsformen im Bereich der StäB zu modellieren und deren Qualität aus Sicht der Patient*innen, Sicherheit und initiale Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität sowie Implementierungsbedingungen sorgfältig zu untersuchen.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          Ward-equivalent treatment (StäB), a form of crisis resolution and home treatment in Germany, has been introduced in 2018 as a new model of mental health service delivery for people with an indication for inpatient care. The rapid progress in the field of information and communication technology offers entirely new opportunities for innovative digital mental health care, such as telemedicine, eHealth, or mHealth interventions.

          Objective

          This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of novel digital forms of service delivery that may contribute to a personalized delivery of StäB and improving clinical and social outcomes as well as reducing direct and indirect costs.

          Method

          This work is based on a narrative review.

          Results

          Four primary digital forms of service delivery have been identified that can be used for personalized delivery of StäB: (1) communication, continuity of care, and flexibility through online chat and video call; (2) monitoring of symptoms and behavior in real-time through ecological momentary assessment (EMA); (3) use of multimodal EMA data to generate and offer personalized feedback on subjective experience and behavioral patterns as well as (4) adaptive ecological momentary interventions (EMI) tailored to the person, moment, and context in daily life.

          Conclusion

          New digital forms of service delivery have considerable potential to increase the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of crisis resolution, home treatment, and assertive outreach. An important next step is to model and initially evaluate these novel digital forms of service delivery in the context of StäB and carefully investigate their quality from the user perspective, safety, feasibility, initial process and outcome quality as well as barriers and facilitators of implementation.

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          Most cited references38

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          Blending Face-to-Face and Internet-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Mental Disorders in Adults: Systematic Review

          Background Many studies have provided evidence for the effectiveness of Internet-based stand-alone interventions for mental disorders. A newer form of intervention combines the strengths of face-to-face (f2f) and Internet approaches (blended interventions). Objective The aim of this review was to provide an overview of (1) the different formats of blended treatments for adults, (2) the stage of treatment in which these are applied, (3) their objective in combining face-to-face and Internet-based approaches, and (4) their effectiveness. Methods Studies on blended concepts were identified through systematic searches in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. Keywords included terms indicating face-to-face interventions (“inpatient,” “outpatient,” “face-to-face,” or “residential treatment”), which were combined with terms indicating Internet treatment (“internet,” “online,” or “web”) and terms indicating mental disorders (“mental health,” “depression,” “anxiety,” or “substance abuse”). We focused on three of the most common mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and substance abuse). Results We identified 64 publications describing 44 studies, 27 of which were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results suggest that, compared with stand-alone face-to-face therapy, blended therapy may save clinician time, lead to lower dropout rates and greater abstinence rates of patients with substance abuse, or help maintain initially achieved changes within psychotherapy in the long-term effects of inpatient therapy. However, there is a lack of comparative outcome studies investigating the superiority of the outcomes of blended treatments in comparison with classic face-to-face or Internet-based treatments, as well as of studies identifying the optimal ratio of face-to-face and Internet sessions. Conclusions Several studies have shown that, for common mental health disorders, blended interventions are feasible and can be more effective compared with no treatment controls. However, more RCTs on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of blended treatments, especially compared with nonblended treatments are necessary.
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            Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: new insights and technical developments

            In the mental health field, there is a growing awareness that the study of psychiatric symptoms in the context of everyday life, using experience sampling methodology (ESM), may provide a powerful and necessary addition to more conventional research approaches. ESM, a structured self‐report diary technique, allows the investigation of experiences within, and in interaction with, the real‐world context. This paper provides an overview of how zooming in on the micro‐level of experience and behaviour using ESM adds new insights and additional perspectives to standard approaches. More specifically, it discusses how ESM: a) contributes to a deeper understanding of psychopathological phenomena, b) allows to capture variability over time, c) aids in identifying internal and situational determinants of variability in symptomatology, and d) enables a thorough investigation of the interaction between the person and his/her environment and of real‐life social interactions. Next to improving assessment of psychopathology and its underlying mechanisms, ESM contributes to advancing and changing clinical practice by allowing a more fine‐grained evaluation of treatment effects as well as by providing the opportunity for extending treatment beyond the clinical setting into real life with the development of ecological momentary interventions. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of the technical details of setting up an ESM study in terms of design, questionnaire development and statistical approaches. Overall, although a number of considerations and challenges remain, ESM offers one of the best opportunities for personalized medicine in psychiatry, from both a research and a clinical perspective.
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              Standalone smartphone apps for mental health—a systematic review and meta-analysis

              While smartphone usage is ubiquitous, and the app market for smartphone apps targeted at mental health is growing rapidly, the evidence of standalone apps for treating mental health symptoms is still unclear. This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of standalone smartphone apps for mental health. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in February 2018 on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of standalone apps for mental health in adults with heightened symptom severity, compared to a control group. A random-effects model was employed. When insufficient comparisons were available, data was presented in a narrative synthesis. Outcomes included assessments of mental health disorder symptom severity specifically targeted at by the app. In total, 5945 records were identified and 165 full-text articles were screened for inclusion by two independent researchers. Nineteen trials with 3681 participants were included in the analysis: depression (k = 6), anxiety (k = 4), substance use (k = 5), self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (k = 4), PTSD (k = 2), and sleep problems (k = 2). Effects on depression (Hedges’ g = 0.33, 95%CI 0.10–0.57, P = 0.005, NNT = 5.43, I 2 = 59%) and on smoking behavior (g = 0.39, 95%CI 0.21–0.57, NNT = 4.59, P ≤ 0.001, I 2 = 0%) were significant. No significant pooled effects were found for anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-injury, or alcohol use (g = −0.14 to 0.18). Effect sizes for single trials ranged from g = −0.05 to 0.14 for PTSD and g = 0.72 to 0.84 for insomnia. Although some trials showed potential of apps targeting mental health symptoms, using smartphone apps as standalone psychological interventions cannot be recommended based on the current level of evidence.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ulrich.Reininghaus@zi-mannheim.de
                Journal
                Nervenarzt
                Nervenarzt
                Der Nervenarzt
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0028-2804
                1433-0407
                17 March 2021
                17 March 2021
                : 1-9
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.7700.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2190 4373, Abteilung Public Mental Health, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, , Universität Heidelberg, ; J5, 68159 Mannheim, Deutschland
                [2 ]GRID grid.5012.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0481 6099, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, , Maastricht University, ; Maastricht, Niederlande
                [3 ]GRID grid.7700.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2190 4373, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, , Universität Heidelberg, ; Mannheim, Deutschland
                [4 ]GRID grid.7700.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2190 4373, Heinrich-Lanz-Zentrum für Personalisierte Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, , Universität Heidelberg, ; Mannheim, Deutschland
                [5 ]GRID grid.13097.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 6764, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, , King’s College London, ; London, Großbritannien
                [6 ]GRID grid.13097.3c, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 6764, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, , King’s College London, ; London, Großbritannien
                Article
                1100
                10.1007/s00115-021-01100-5
                7966885
                33730181
                2b5a8945-ca78-49ae-8366-52f60af1bda9
                © The Author(s) 2021

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                History
                : 11 February 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit (ZI) (4530)
                Categories
                Übersichten

                Neurology
                ehealth,hometreatment,mobile health,telemedizin,ecological momentary intervention,digital intervention,telemedicine

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