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      Report of persistent left superior vena cava associated with Ebstein’s anomaly of tricuspid valve

      case-report

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          BACKGROUND

          Ebstein’s anomaly is one of the challenging congenital heart diseases (CHDs) that is presented with different anatomical and clinical symptoms. For this reason, patients with this complication require exact diagnostic methods and appropriate treatment approaches. In addition, multiple cardiac defects accompany this anomaly.

          CASE REPORT

          In this study, we describe a rare associated defect in an adult patient with Ebstein’s anomaly and proper surgical methods performed for her.

          CONCLUSION

          The most important issue in adult patients with Ebstein’s anomaly is to pay close attention to the presence of associated anomalies, in which careful examination and use of para-clinical methods is very helpful. Furthermore, accurate diagnosis of the associated defects determines the treatment and surgery of patients.

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          Ebstein's anomaly.

          Joseph A Dearani, Jodi Edwards, Christine H. Attenhofer Jost … (2007)
          Article 0 comments Cited 82 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Left heart lesions in patients with Ebstein anomaly.

            W O'LEARY, Carole Warnes, A Tajik … (2005)
            To identify the incidence of left heart abnormalities in patients with Ebstein anomaly, recognizing that left-sided lesions in this patient group have been overlooked. According to the echocardiography database at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, 106 consecutive patients with Ebstein anomaly underwent echocardiography between July 1, 2001, and February 28, 2003. Clinical data as well as electrocardiographic and echocardiographic reports and images were reviewed. Ebstein anomaly was severe in 76 patients (72%). Previous tricuspid valve surgery was reported in 46 patients (43%), and previous closure of an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale was reported in 34 patients (32%). Left ventricular (LV) myocardial changes resembling noncompaction occurred in 19 patients (17.9%), LV systolic dysfunction in 7 patients (7%), LV diastolic dysfunction in 34 (36%) of 95 patients, and LV dilatation in 4 patients (4%). Additional left-sided cardiac lesions included mitral valve prolapse in 16 patients (15%), bicuspid aortic valve in 8 (8%), mitral valve dysplasia in 4 (4%), and ventricular septal defect in 8 (8%). Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome occurred in 22 patients (21%). The QRS axis tended to be different in LV noncompaction with a mean +/- SD axis of 12 degrees +/- 74 degrees vs 36 degrees +/- 66 degrees overall (P=.08). Otherwise, there were no differences in clinical or surgical data between the groups with normal and abnormal LV myocardium. In patients with Ebstein anomaly, left heart abnormalities involving the myocardium or valves were observed in 39% of patients. Ebstein anomaly should not be regarded as a disease confined to the right side of the heart.
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              Ebstein's anomaly - review of a multifaceted congenital cardiac condition.

              Carole Warnes, C Attenhofer, Thomas W D Edwards … (2005)
              Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is a rare but fascinating congenital heart disorder accounting for <1% of all congenital heart defects. Since its description in 1866, dramatic advances in diagnosis and therapy have been made. In this review, we describe current diagnostic criteria and classification, natural history, clinical features, and prognosis, typical echocardiographic features and pathologic findings, and the spectrum of associated cardiac malformations including left heart anomalies associated with EA. Differences between Ebstein-like changes associated with congenitally corrected transposition and EA are described. The spectrum of typical ECG and conduction system changes, arrhythmias including accessory pathways and ectopic atrial tachycardias related to EA are also reviewed. Differential diagnosis of EA is discussed including tricuspid valve dysplasia and prolapse as well as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. The review describes management options in EA including catheter interventions, indication for operation and surgical options including tricuspid valve repair and replacement. Overall, EA is a complex congenital anomaly with a broad pathologic-anatomical and clinical spectrum and no two patients are alike. Therefore, precise knowledge of the different anatomic and hemodynamic variables, associated malformations and management options are essential. Management of EA patients is complex. Thus it is important that these patients are regularly seen by a cardiologist with expertise in congenital heart disease.
              Article 0 comments Cited 24 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): ARYA Atheroscler
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): ARYA Atheroscler
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ARYA
                Title: ARYA Atherosclerosis
                Publisher: Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1735-3955
                ISSN (Electronic): 2251-6638
                Publication date (Print): September 2021
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 1-4
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Professor of Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Assistant Professor of Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Maryam Aliramezany; Assistant Professor of Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Email: maliramezany@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: ARYA-17-8-2287
                DOI: 10.22122/arya.v17i0.2287
                PMC ID: 9137224
                PubMed ID: 35686245
                SO-VID: 2cdbd118-fdc4-4014-bea4-f87b2e95ff37
                Copyright © © 2021 Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center & Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

                History
                Date received : 29 October 2020
                Date accepted : 12 December 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Keywords: ebstein anomaly,heart defects,congenital,left superior vena cava
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Keywords: ebstein anomaly, heart defects, congenital, left superior vena cava

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