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      Occurrence of Amphibians in Saline Habitats: A Review and Evolutionary Perspective

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      Herpetological Monographs
      Herpetologists League

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          Increasing flood risk and wetland losses due to global sea-level rise: regional and global analyses

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            Increased salinization of fresh water in the northeastern United States.

            Chloride concentrations are increasing at a rate that threatens the availability of fresh water in the northeastern United States. Increases in roadways and deicer use are now salinizing fresh waters, degrading habitat for aquatic organisms, and impacting large supplies of drinking water for humans throughout the region. We observed chloride concentrations of up to 25% of the concentration of seawater in streams of Maryland, New York, and New Hampshire during winters, and chloride concentrations remaining up to 100 times greater than unimpacted forest streams during summers. Mean annual chloride concentration increased as a function of impervious surface and exceeded tolerance for freshwater life in suburban and urban watersheds. Our analysis shows that if salinity were to continue to increase at its present rate due to changes in impervious surface coverage and current management practices, many surface waters in the northeastern United States would not be potable for human consumption and would become toxic to freshwater life within the next century.
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              Salinisation of rivers: An urgent ecological issue

              Secondary salinisation of rivers and streams is a global and growing threat that might be amplified by climate change. It can have many different causes, like irrigation, mining activity or the use of salts as de-icing agents for roads. Freshwater organisms only tolerate certain ranges of water salinity. Therefore secondary salinisation has an impact at the individual, population, community and ecosystem levels, which ultimately leads to a reduction in aquatic biodiversity and compromises the goods and services that rivers and streams provide. Management of secondary salinization should be directed towards integrated catchment strategies (e.g. benefiting from the dilution capacity of the rivers) and identifying threshold salt concentrations to preserve the ecosystem integrity. Future research on the interaction of salinity with other stressors and the impact of salinization on trophic interactions and ecosystem properties is needed and the implications of this issue for human society need to be seriously considered. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Herpetological Monographs
                Herpetological Monographs
                Herpetologists League
                0733-1347
                1938-5137
                December 2015
                December 2015
                : 29
                : 1
                : 1-27
                Article
                10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-14-00006
                2cffcede-8b08-4e90-ae05-aa4b36de61da
                © 2015
                History

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