Recent excavations at the deeply stratified Late Pleistocene cave site of Tabun on Mount Carmel have, yielded a long sequence of Middle and Lower Paleolithic industries and associated geological and environmental evidence that has important implications for the understanding of man's cultural and biological development in that period. An analysis of these materials strongly supports a continuity in cultural development at this site from about 130,000 to 50,000 years ago and suggests that a continuous biological evolution from Neandeithal to anatomically modem Homo sapiens took place in the southern Levant.