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      Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in domestic canines from two municipalities in the tropic of Guerrero, Mexico Translated title: Prevalencia de Dirofilaria immitis en caninos domésticos de dos municipios del trópico de Guerrero, México

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis (DI) in domestic canines in the municipalities of Cuautepec and Acapulco de Juárez, Guerrero, Mexico. Cluster sampling was used according to the selected addresses. Blood samples were obtained only from dogs older than one year of the two municipalities. In the study, 15.68 % were found in the municipality of Cuautepec and 7.44% in domestic canines positive for microfilariae in Acapulco de Juárez. The highest percentage of positive animals was found in males, in animals> 3 years of age and small and medium animals in Cuautepec municipality (P <0.05). Likewise, in the municipality of Acapulco de Juárez, a higher percentage of positive females was found, with an age> 3 years of age, of an indefinite mestizo race and living outside the home (P <0.05). It is concluded that domestic canines in the municipalities of Cuautepec and Acapulco de Juárez, Guerrero, found a high prevalence of DI, and males had a higher percentage in the municipality of Cuautepec and females in Acapulco de Juárez.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de Dirofilaria immitis (DI) en caninos domésticos en los municipios de Cuautepec y Acapulco de Juárez, Guerrero, México. Se usó muestreo por conglomerados de acuerdo a los domicilios seleccionados. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas solo de caninos mayores de un año de los dos municipios. En el estudio se encontró en el municipio de Cuautepec el 15.68% y en Acapulco de Juárez el 7.44% de caninos domésticos positivos a microfilarias. El mayor porcentaje de animales positivos se encontró en machos, en animales >3 años de edad y animales de talla chica y mediana en el municipio de Cuautepec (P<0.05). Asimismo, en el municipio de Acapulco de Juárez se encontró un mayor porcentaje de hembras positivas, con edad >3 años de edad, de raza mestizo indefinido y que vivian en el exterior del hogar (P<0.05). Se concluye que los caninos domésticos en los municipios de Cuautepec y Acapulco de Juárez, Guerrero se encontró una alta prevalencia de DI, y los machos tuvieron un mayor porcentaje en el municipio de Cuautepec y las hembras en Acapulco de Juárez.

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          Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic.

          Dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species (Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. At the same time, both D. immitis and D. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hosts, and issues related to dirofilariasis treatment. Moreover, because dirofilariasis is a vector-borne transmitted disease, their distribution and infection rates have undergone significant modifications influenced by global climate change. Despite advances in our knowledge of D. immitis and D. repens and the pathologies that they inflict on different hosts, there are still many unknown aspects of dirofilariasis. This review is focused on human and animal dirofilariasis, including the basic morphology, biology, protein composition, and metabolism of Dirofilaria species; the climate and human behavioral factors that influence distribution dynamics; the disease pathology; the host-parasite relationship; the mechanisms involved in parasite survival; the immune response and pathogenesis; and the clinical management of human and animal infections.
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            Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs

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              Epidemiology of heartworm: what is happening in South America and Mexico?

              Canine heartworm has been known to exist in the Americas for more than 150 years (1847), and the first South American report was published approximately 30 years later (1875). The first human case was reported in 1887 and the first feline case in 1921. Coincidently, these two reports were from Brazil, where most surveys of the disease during the past two decades have been conducted in dogs. Feline cases are seldom found in the South American literature, although feline heartworm disease has been reported in Venezuela and Brazil. The prevalence in Mexico seems to be stable over the past 10 years (7.3-7.5%). Only 5 of the 13 South American countries have reported on canine heartworm infection prevalence. In Argentina, the national prevalence ranges from 3.5 to 12.7%; however, there was a much higher prevalence (17.7 and 23.5%) reported for two sections of Buenos Aires. In Lima, Peru, the prevalence is 4.35%, and Colombia reports 3.8-4.8% of dogs are infected. No infections were detected in 1056 dogs sampled in Chile. In Brazil, the national prevalence has declined from 7.9% in 1988 to 2% in 2001. The downward trend observed for canine heartworm in Brazil suggests that multiple pressures may be affecting the nematode transmission, including a possible decrease in mosquito vector population due to better control programs, reduction of transmission due to effective chemoprophylaxis, reduction of microfilaremic dog populations with the off-label use of injectable ivermectin, or reduction of the reproductive capacity of worms from tetracyclines used to control ehrlichiosis. Survey of a large population of captured mosquitoes indicated the most frequent species captured were vectors of heartworms (Aedes taeniorhynchus (73.9%), Aedes scapularis (20%) and Culex quinquefasciatus (2.5%), suggesting that the composition of the mosquito population is not a critical factor in the decrease in heartworm infections in dogs in South America.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                av
                Abanico veterinario
                Abanico vet
                Sergio Martínez González (Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico )
                2007-428X
                2448-6132
                2019
                : 9
                : e915
                Affiliations
                [1] Tecpan de Galeana orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Guerrero orgdiv1School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics No. 3 Mexico
                [2] São José dos Pinhais orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná orgdiv1School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Brazil
                Article
                S2448-61322019000100115
                10.21929/abavet2019.915
                2de622e4-1517-42e6-8ba5-2085dd13635d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 July 2019
                : 21 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Original papers

                sexo,Dirofilaria immitis,corazón derecho,Nematodos gastrointestinales,bood samples,Gastrointestinal nematodes,infestation,sex,right heart,muestras de sangre,infestación

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