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      Tumour budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Tumour budding has been reported as a promising prognostic marker in many cancers. This meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value of tumour budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

          Methods:

          We searched OvidMedline, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles that studied tumour budding in OSCC. We used reporting recommendations for tumour marker (REMARK) criteria to evaluate the quality of studies eligible for meta-analysis.

          Results:

          A total of 16 studies evaluated the prognostic value of tumour budding in OSCC. The meta-analysis showed that tumour budding was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio=7.08, 95% CI=1.75–28.73), disease-free survival (hazard ratio=1.83, 95% CI=1.34–2.50) and overall survival (hazard ratio=1.88, 95% CI=1.25–2.82).

          Conclusions:

          Tumour budding is a simple and reliable prognostic marker for OSCC. Evaluation of tumour budding could facilitate personalised management of OSCC.

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          Most cited references46

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          New signals from the invasive front.

          Gerhard Christofori (2006)
          Approximately 90% of all cancer deaths arise from the metastatic spread of primary tumours. Of all the processes involved in carcinogenesis, local invasion and the formation of metastases are clinically the most relevant, but they are the least well understood at the molecular level. Revealing their mechanisms is one of the main challenges for exploratory and applied cancer research. Recent experimental progress has identified a number of molecular pathways and cellular mechanisms that underlie the multistage process of metastasis formation: these include tumour invasion, tumour-cell dissemination through the bloodstream or the lymphatic system, colonization of distant organs and, finally, fatal outgrowth of metastases.
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            Epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor budding in aggressive colorectal cancer: Tumor budding as oncotarget

            Inti Zlobec, Alessandro Lugli (2010)
            Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is proposed as a critical mechanism for the acquisition of malignant phenotypes by epithelial cells. In colorectal cancer, tumor cells having undergone EMT are histologically represented by the presence of tumor buds defined as single cells or small clusters of de-differentiated tumor cells at the invasive front. Tumor budding is not a static, histological feature rather it represents a snap-shot of a dynamic process undertaken by an aggressive tumor with the potential to disseminate and metastasize. Strong, consistent evidence shows that tumor budding is a predictor of lymph node metastasis, distant metastatic disease, local recurrence, worse overall and disease-free survival time and an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, the International Union against Cancer (UICC) recognizes tumor budding as a highly relevant, additional prognostic parameter. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the implementation of tumor budding into diagnostic pathology and patient management and additionally to illustrate its worthiness as a potential therapeutic target.
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              Malignancy grading of the deep invasive margins of oral squamous cell carcinomas has high prognostic value.

              H S Koppang, M Bryne, A Kjaerheim … (1992)
              Several recent studies have indicated that cells at the invasive tumour margins often are different from cells within other parts of various human cancers. In this work, we have studied all squamous cell carcinomas of the floor of the mouth registered in Norway during the years 1963-1972 (N = 96). Borderline cases and cases given no treatment were excluded. Of the remaining 79 cases, biopsy specimens acceptable for histological grading were obtained from 61 patients. Only the most invasive margins of the tumours were histologically graded independently by two pathologists according to a multifactorial grading system. The results confirmed our previous findings that grading of invasive tumour margins is an independent prognostic factor in Cox's multivariate survival analysis (P less than 0.01). Inter-observer agreement was calculated by kappa statistics, and good agreement was obtained (kappa = 0.63). Neither agreement nor prognostic value was improved after calibration of the pathologists. Conventional Borders' grading of the whole biopsy had no prognostic value (P less than 0.38). We conclude that invasive cell grading may be of value for treatment planning of oral cancers, and that further studies of the deep, invasive parts of oral and other cancers are needed in order to obtain a better understanding of tumour cell invasion and metastasis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Br J Cancer
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Br. J. Cancer
                Title: British Journal of Cancer
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
                ISSN (Print): 0007-0920
                ISSN (Electronic): 1532-1827
                Publication date (Print): 20 February 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 November 2017
                Volume: 118
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 577-586
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Patholosgy, University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
                [2 ]Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
                [3 ]Institute of Dentistry, University of Misurata , PO Box 2478, Misurata, Libya
                [4 ]Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki , Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
                [5 ]Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
                [6 ]Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki , Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
                [7 ]Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Kasarminkatu 11-13, Helsinki FI-00130, Finland
                [8 ]Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
                [9 ]Research Group of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oulu , PO Box 5281, Oulu 90014, Finland
                [10 ]Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu 90220, Finland
                [11 ]Department of Pathology, University of Turku , Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku 20520, Finland
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: bjc2017425
                DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.425
                PMC ID: 5830589
                PubMed ID: 29190636
                SO-VID: 2df20a27-9c04-465b-9640-3ef9ecfa609d
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Cancer Research UK
                License:

                From twelve months after its original publication, this work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 29 September 2017
                Date revision received : 27 October 2017
                Date accepted : 30 October 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Molecular Diagnostics

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: tumour budding,oral squamous cell carcinoma,prognosis,marker,invasive front,treatment,survival
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: tumour budding, oral squamous cell carcinoma, prognosis, marker, invasive front, treatment, survival

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