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      Prevalence of Sleep Duration on an Average School Night Among 4 Nationally Representative Successive Samples of American High School Students, 2007–2013

      brief-report
      Author(s): , PhD , , EdD, MPH, , PhD, , EdD
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Preventing Chronic Disease
      Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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          Abstract

          Consistency, quality, and duration of sleep are important determinants of health. We describe sleep patterns among demographically defined subgroups from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System reported in 4 successive biennial representative samples of American high school students (2007 to 2013). Across the 4 waves of data collection, 6.2% to 7.7% of females and 8.0% to 9.4% of males reported obtaining 9 or more hours of sleep. Insufficient duration of sleep is pervasive among American high school students. Despite substantive public health implications, intervention research on this topic has received little attention.

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          Sleep duration and sleep quality in relation to 12-year cardiovascular disease incidence: the MORGEN study.

          W. Verschuren, A. Spijkerman, Egbert van Nes … (2011)
          We studied sleep duration and sleep quality in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Dutch population-based cohort study. 20,432 men and women aged 20-65 and with no history of CVD. N/A. Sleep duration and sleep quality were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Morbidity data, vital status, and causes of death were obtained through linkage with several national registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. During 10-15 years of follow-up, 1,486 CVD and 1,148 coronary heart disease (CHD) events occurred. Short sleepers (≤ 6 h) had a 15% higher risk of total CVD (HR: 1.15; 95%CI: 1.00-1.32) and a 23% higher risk of CHD (HR: 1.23 [1.04-1.45]) compared to normal sleepers (7 h) after adjustment for all confounders. Additional adjustment for intermediate biological risk factors attenuated these relative risks to 1.11 (0.97-1.27) for total CVD and to 1.19 (1.00-1.40) for CHD. Short sleepers with poor sleep quality had a 63% higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.63 [1.21-2.19]) and a 79% higher risk of CHD incidence (HR: 1.79 [1.24-2.58]) compared to normal sleepers with good sleep quality, after adjustments for all confounders. We observed no associations between long sleep duration (≥ 9 h) and CVD or CHD incidence. Short sleepers, especially those with poor sleep quality, have an increased risk of total CVD and CHD incidence. Future investigations should not only focus on sleep duration, but should also take sleep quality into account.
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            Sociodemographic and cultural determinants of sleep deficiency: implications for cardiometabolic disease risk.

            Kristen Knutson (2013)
            Sleep is a biological imperative associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. As such, a thorough discussion of the sociocultural and demographic determinants of sleep is warranted, if not overdue. This paper begins with a brief review of the laboratory and epidemiologic evidence linking sleep deficiency, which includes insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality, with increased risk of chronic cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Identification of the determinants of sleep deficiency is the critical next step to understanding the role sleep plays in human variation in health and disease. Therefore, the majority of this paper describes the different biopsychosocial determinants of sleep, including age, gender, psychosocial factors (depression, stress and loneliness), socioeconomic position and race/ethnicity. In addition, because sleep duration is partly determined by behavior, it will be shaped by cultural values, beliefs and practices. Therefore, possible cultural differences that may impact sleep are discussed. If certain cultural, ethnic or social groups are more likely to experience sleep deficiency, then these differences in sleep could increase their risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Furthermore, if the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of sleep deficiency in certain populations can be identified, interventions could be developed to target these mechanisms, reduce sleep differences and potentially reduce cardiometabolic disease risk.
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              Deconstructing and reconstructing cognitive performance in sleep deprivation.

              Melinda L Jackson, Glenn Gunzelmann, Paul H. Whitney … (2013)
              Mitigation of cognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation in operational settings is critical for safety and productivity. Achievements in this area are hampered by limited knowledge about the effects of sleep loss on actual job tasks. Sleep deprivation has different effects on different cognitive performance tasks, but the mechanisms behind this task-specificity are poorly understood. In this context it is important to recognize that cognitive performance is not a unitary process, but involves a number of component processes. There is emerging evidence that these component processes are differentially affected by sleep loss. Experiments have been conducted to decompose sleep-deprived performance into underlying cognitive processes using cognitive-behavioral, neuroimaging and cognitive modeling techniques. Furthermore, computational modeling in cognitive architectures has been employed to simulate sleep-deprived cognitive performance on the basis of the constituent cognitive processes. These efforts are beginning to enable quantitative prediction of the effects of sleep deprivation across different task contexts. This paper reviews a rapidly evolving area of research, and outlines a theoretical framework in which the effects of sleep loss on cognition may be understood from the deficits in the underlying neurobiology to the applied consequences in real-world job tasks. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Prev Chronic Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Prev Chronic Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PCD
                Title: Preventing Chronic Disease
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-1151
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 December 2014
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: E216
                Affiliations
                [1]Author Affiliations: Corey H. Basch, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey; Kelly V. Ruggles, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Sonali Rajan, Columbia University, New York, New York.
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Charles E. Basch, PhD, Richard March Hoe Professor of Health and Education, Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Box 114, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027. Telephone: 212-678-3983. E-mail: ceb35@ 123456columbia.edu .
                Article
                Publisher ID: 14_0383
                DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.140383
                PMC ID: 4264412
                PubMed ID: 25496556
                SO-VID: 2e119e4c-41e7-4ee8-a053-934f6bb293af
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Brief
                Series title: Peer Reviewed

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care

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