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      The Evaluation of Contralateral Breast Lesions in Breast Cancer Patients Using Reduction Mammoplasty

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          This study evaluated the importance of routine pathological examination of contralateral breast specimens in breast cancer patients using reduction mammoplasty.

          Methods

          The weight of breast tissue resected from the contralateral breast in 71 patients and the number of slices used for pathological evaluation were recorded. Breast lesions found in the contralateral breast and accompanying lesions with tumors were examined.

          Results

          High risk proliferative lesions were reported in the contralateral breast of eight (11.2%) patients, and low-risk lesions were detected in 18 (25%). While the mean age of the patients with high-risk lesions was 45.6, it was 52.8 for the other patients ( p=0.036).

          Conclusion

          Bilateral reduction mammoplasty may be beneficial to delineate some pathologies in contralateral breasts even in those patients with normal clinical and radiological findings. The incidental discovery of these pathologies is much more likely in young breast cancer patients.

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          Most cited references18

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          Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA1-mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium.

          Dominant predisposition to early-onset breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer in many families is known to be the result of germ-line mutations in a gene on chromosome 17q, known as BRCA1. In this paper we use data from families with evidence of linkage to BRCA1 to estimate the age-specific risks of breast and ovarian cancer in BRCA1-mutation carriers and to examine the variation in risk between and within families. Under the assumption of no heterogeneity of risk between families, BRCA1 is estimated to confer a breast cancer risk of 54% by age 60 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 27%-71%) and an ovarian cancer risk of 30% by age 60 years (95% CI 8%-47%). Similar lifetime-risk estimates are obtained by examining the risks of contralateral breast cancer and of ovarian cancer, in breast cancer cases in linked families. However, there is significant evidence of heterogeneity of risk between families; a much better fit to the data is obtained by assuming two BRCA1 alleles, one conferring a breast cancer risk of 62% and an ovarian cancer risk of 11% by age 60 years, the other conferring a breast cancer risk of 39% and an ovarian cancer risk of 42%, with the first allele representing 71% of all mutations (95% CI 55%-87%). There is no evidence of clustering of breast and ovarian cancer cases within families.
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            Multicentricity and bilaterality in invasive breast carcinoma.

            Multicentricity and bilaterality are well-established characteristics of breast carcinoma, but little is known about the relationship of these variables with each other. This question was explored by analyzing the data pertaining to 880 women with invasive breast carcinoma. Patients with multicentric carcinoma had bilateral disease more often than those whose carcinoma was apparently limited to a single quadrant. Among women who had lobular carcinoma in situ coexisting with infiltrating duct carcinoma or infiltrating lobular carcinoma, bilaterality and multicentricity were significantly more common than they were among patients whose only lesion was infiltrating duct or medullary cancer. Other variables associated with bilaterality and multicentricity were degree of ductal differentiation, tumor size, nodal status, type of tumor margin, intensity of lymphoid infiltrate, and menstrual status. Age at diagnosis and estrogen receptors were related to bilaterality but not to multicentricity. The following variables proved to be unrelated to bilaterality and multicentricity: family history of breast carcinoma, height, weight, and parity. The data obtained in this study tend to support a conclusion that multicentricity and bilaterality are manifestations of similar factors involved in the neoplastic transformation of mammary gland epithelium leading to the development of breast cancer.
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              Carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia in reduction mammaplasty: increased sampling leads to increased detection. A prospective study.

              Reduction mammaplasty for symptomatic macromastia or correction of asymmetry is performed more than 100,000 times per year in the United States. The reported incidence of occult breast cancer in reduction mammaplasty ranges from 0.06 to 4.6 percent. No standard pathology assessment for reduction mammaplasty exists. The authors evaluated the incidence of occult carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia in reduction mammaplasty specimens and identified clinical risk factors. Systematic sampling of additional tissue sections was instituted to evaluate the hypothesis that increased sampling would identify more significant pathologic findings. All reduction mammaplasty specimens over a 20-month period at a single institution were prospectively examined. All specimens had baseline gross and microscopic evaluations, and then each was subjected to systematic additional sampling. The incidence of significant pathologic findings (carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia) was tabulated. Variables such as age and preoperative mammogram were examined. A total of 202 cases were evaluated. Significant pathologic findings (carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia) were present in 12.4 percent. The rate of carcinoma was 4 percent in all patients (6.2 percent in patients >or=40 years and 7.9 percent in patients >or=50 years). A significantly higher rate (12.4 percent) of significant pathologic findings was identified in this prospective study compared with published literature. None of the lesions was identified on preoperative mammogram. Age was significantly associated with significant pathologic findings. Increased sampling was associated with significant pathologic findings only in patients 40 years or older, indicating the need for thorough sampling of reduction mammaplasty specimens in patients older than 40.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Breast Cancer
                JBC
                Journal of Breast Cancer
                Korean Breast Cancer Society
                1738-6756
                2092-9900
                September 2011
                29 September 2011
                : 14
                : 3
                : 219-222
                Affiliations
                Department of Surgery, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
                [1 ]Department of Pathology, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Mehmet ali Gulcelik. Department of Surgery, Ankara Oncology Hospital, 1425. Cadde 12/34 Cukurambar, Ankara, Turkey. Tel: +90-312-3360909-560, Fax: +90-312-2251871-00, mgulcelik@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                10.4048/jbc.2011.14.3.219
                3200518
                22031804
                2e6de657-800f-44e2-a626-7ea94cc93199
                © 2011 Korean Breast Cancer Society

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 19 May 2011
                : 29 August 2011
                Categories
                Original Article

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                mammoplasty,breast neoplasms,contralateral
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                mammoplasty, breast neoplasms, contralateral

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