Studies using concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal contact lenses to slow myopia progression in school-aged children: a meta-analysis

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Abstract

To evaluate the effect of soft contact lens with concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal designs on controlling myopia progression in school-aged children.

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Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Japanese adult population: the Tajimi Study.

Aiko Iwase, Makoto Araie, Atsuo Tomidokoro … (2006)

To determine the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Japanese adult population. Population-based cross-sectional study. Randomly selected residents (n = 3870) of Tajimi City, Japan, who were 40 years of age or older. Of the 3021 study participants (78.1% of 3870 eligible persons), 2977 (76.9%) underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including measurement of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with full subjective refraction using a Landolt ring chart at 5 m. Age- and gender-specific prevalence rates of low vision and blindness were estimated and causes were identified. Low vision and blindness were defined as BCVA in the better eye worse than 20/60 to a lower limit of 20/400 and worse than 20/400, respectively (World Health Organization [WHO] criteria) and worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200 and 20/200 or worse, respectively (United States criteria). The overall prevalence of blindness according to the WHO or U.S. criteria was 0.14% (n = 4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.32). The primary causes were optic atrophy, myopic macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and uveitis. The overall prevalence of low vision according to the WHO criteria was 0.39% (95% CI, 0.18%-0.60%) and according to the U.S. criteria was 0.98% (95% CI, 0.66%-1.30%), which was significantly greater in women and in the older half of the participants than in the younger half (P = 0.0079 and <0.0001, respectively). The leading causes of low vision in descending order were cataract followed by glaucoma, and those of monocular blindness were myopic macular degeneration, glaucoma, and trauma. The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Japanese adults was one of the lowest among those reported. The major causes of low vision were cataract and glaucoma, and the leading cause of monocular blindness was myopic macular degeneration.

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Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lens slows myopia progression in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren: a 2-year randomised clinical trial

Carly Lam, Wing Tang, Dennis Tse … (2013)

Aims To determine if ‘Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact’ (DISC) lens wear slows childhood myopia progression. Methods A 2-year double-blind randomised controlled trial was carried out in 221 children aged 8–13 years, with myopia between −1.00 and −5.00 Dioptres (D) and astigmatism ≤1.00 D. Subjects were randomly assigned to the DISC (n=111) or single vision (SV; n=110) contact lens group. DISC lenses incorporated concentric rings, which provided an addition of +2.50 D, alternating with the normal distance correction. Refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction) and axial length were measured at 6-month intervals. Differences between groups were analysed using unpaired t test. Results In total, 128 children completed the study, n=65 in the DISC group and n=63 in the SV group. Myopia progressed 25% more slowly for children in the DISC group compared with those in the control group (0.30 D/year; 95% CI −0.71 to −0.47 vs 0.4 D/year; 95% CI −0.93 to −0.65, p=0.031). Likewise, there was less axial elongation for children in the DISC versus SV groups (0.13 mm/year; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.31 vs 0.18 mm/year; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.43, p=0.009). Treatment effect correlated positively with DISC lens wearing time (r=0.342; p=0.005). Indeed, myopia in children who wore the DISC lenses for five or more hours/day progressed 46% (mean difference=−0.382 D, p=0.001; 95% CI −0.59 to −0.17) less than those in the SV group. Conclusions The daily wearing of DISC lens significantly slowed myopia progression and axial elongation in Hong Kong schoolchildren. The findings demonstrated that simultaneous clear vision with constant myopic defocus can retard myopia progression.

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Relative peripheral hyperopic defocus alters central refractive development in infant monkeys.

Earl Smith, Li-Fang Hung, Juan Huang (2009)

Understanding the role of peripheral defocus on central refractive development is critical because refractive errors can vary significantly with eccentricity and peripheral refractions have been implicated in the genesis of central refractive errors in humans. Two rearing strategies were used to determine whether peripheral hyperopia alters central refractive development in rhesus monkeys. In intact eyes, lens-induced relative peripheral hyperopia produced central axial myopia. Moreover, eliminating the fovea by laser photoablation did not prevent compensating myopic changes in response to optically imposed hyperopia. These results show that peripheral refractive errors can have a substantial impact on central refractive development in primates.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

Abbreviated Title: Ophthalmic Physiol Opt

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN: 02755408

Publication date Created: January 2017

Publication date (Print): January 2017

Publication date (Electronic): November 23 2016

Volume: 37

Issue: 1

Pages: 51-59

Affiliations

[1 ]Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Capital Medical University; Beijing China

[2 ]National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases; Beijing Friendship Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China

[3 ]Anyang Eye Hospital; Henan Province China

[4 ]Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; School of Public Health; Capital Medical University; Beijing China

[5 ]Lakewood Eye Care; Houston USA

Article

DOI: 10.1111/opo.12332

PubMed ID: 27880992

SO-VID: 2f969f6d-2406-4729-8f1b-339151486f5b

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http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1

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Studies using concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal contact lenses to slow myopia progression in school-aged children: a meta-analysis

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Most cited references 37

Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Japanese adult population: the Tajimi Study.

Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lens slows myopia progression in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren: a 2-year randomised clinical trial

Relative peripheral hyperopic defocus alters central refractive development in infant monkeys.

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