Efficacy and Safety of Carboxytherapy versus Combined Microneedling with Topical Glutathione in the Treatment of Patients with Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: An Evaluator-Blind, Split-Face, Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background:

Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is a common skin condition that presents as infraorbital darkening. POH has a multifactorial etiology. Studies evaluating POH treatment are several with varying satisfaction results.

Objectives:

To compare carboxytherapy and microneedling (MN) combined with topical glutathione for POH treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A split-face pilot clinical trial was conducted on 31 female patients with POH. Carboxytherapy injection was done at the right periorbital area, and MN with topical glutathione (Left periorbital area), for 6 biweekly sessions. Visual analogue scale (VAS), dermoscopic evaluation, patient satisfaction, and patient dermatology life quality index questionnaire (DLQI), safety evaluation were done with 3 months follow up. The trial registry number is NCT04389788.

Results:

Carboxytherapy showed a higher significant improvement as regards VAS evaluation compared to MN with glutathione during the active treatment phase ( P = 0.001) and during the follow-up phase ( P = 0.006). Also, the dermoscopic evaluation showed a statistically significant improvement in the Carboxytherapy group. DLQI showed a statistically significant improvement ( P <.001). As regards patient satisfaction, carboxytherapy showed in comparison to MN with glutathione (80.6% vs 25.8% in moderate satisfaction) and (3.2% vs 0% in marked satisfaction respectively) ( P = .05). As regards the patients' safety, there was no significant difference between both eyes ( P = .23).

Conclusions:

Carboxytherapy showed higher efficacy than MN with glutathione in POH patients. Carboxytherapy improved clinical, dermoscopic, patient satisfaction, and patient DLQI; with a good safety profile.