Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in 11- to 17-year-old adolescents

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Abstract

Abstract The adoption of health risk behaviors (low level of habitual physical activity and inadequate food and nutrient intake) has increased the prevalence of overweight/ obesity, particularly among adolescents. Thus, the prevalence of disorders and metabolic diseases has increased in this population. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and to analyze its association with sport participation and overweight in adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. A total of 683 adolescents (301 boys and 382 girls) were randomly selected to compose the sample. The prevalence of MS was established based on fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), waist circumference, and blood pressure according to the cut-offs recommended by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (2005). Nutritional status, sport participation, socioeconomic status, and alcohol consumption were analyzed as risk factors associated with MS. The presence of one or more risk factors was identified in 39.5% and 22.5% of the sample, respectively. The most prevalent MS components were low HDL-c (44.7%), high systolic blood pressure (32.4%), and elevated triglycerides (18.6%). The presence of MS was associated with both overweight and the lack of participation in sport ( P < 0.05). The results indicated an overall prevalence of MS of 5.4% in adolescent boys and girls. Furthermore, overweight and lack of sport participation were the main factors associated with MS.

Translated abstract

Resumo A adoção de comportamentos de risco à saúde (reduzido nível de atividade física habitual, consumo inadequado de alimentos e nutrientes, entre outros) tem aumentado a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade, particularmente, em adolescentes. Assim, o número de disfunções e doenças metabólicas tem crescido nesta população. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica (SM) e analisar a sua associação com a prática esportiva e excesso de peso em adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos. Seiscentos e oitenta e três meninos (n = 301) e meninas (n = 382) foram selecionados aleatoriamente para comporem a amostra. A prevalência de SM foi estabelecida com base nos valores de glicose em jejum, triglicerídeos, lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL-c), circunferência de cintura e pressão arterial, de acordo com os pontos de corte recomendados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (2005). O estado nutricional, prática de esporte, nível socioeconômico e consumo de álcool foram analisados como fatores de risco associados a SM. A presença de um ou mais fatores de risco foi identificada em 39,5% e 22,5% da amostra, respectivamente. Os componentes da SM mais prevalentes foram HDL-c reduzida (44,7%), pressão arterial sistólica elevada (32,4%) e triglicérides elevado (18,6%). A presença de SM foi associada ao excesso de peso e a ausência da prática de esportes (P < 0,05). Os resultados indicaram uma prevalência total de SM na ordem de 5,4% em adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Adicionalmente, o excesso de peso e ausência da prática de esportes foram os principais fatores associados com a SM.

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Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adolescents: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Sarah de Ferranti, Kimberlee Gauvreau, David Ludwig … (2004)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the Third Report of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) using criteria easily applied by clinicians and researchers. There is no standard pediatric definition. We defined pediatric MetS using criteria analogous to ATP III as > or =3 of the following: (1) fasting triglycerides > or =1.1 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); (2) HDL or =6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL); (4) waist circumference >75th percentile for age and gender; and (5) systolic blood pressure >90th percentile for gender, age, and height. MetS prevalence in US adolescents was estimated with the Third National Health and Nutritional Survey 1988 to 1994. Among 1960 children aged > or =12 years who fasted > or =8 hours, two thirds had at least 1 metabolic abnormality, and nearly 1 in 10 had MetS. The racial/ethnic distribution was similar to adults: Mexican-Americans, followed by non-Hispanic whites, had a greater prevalence of MetS compared with non-Hispanic blacks (12.9%, [95% CI 10.4% to 15.4%]; 10.9%, [95% CI 8.4% to 13.4%]; and 2.5%, [95% CI 1.3% to 3.7%], respectively). Nearly one third (31.2% [95% CI 28.3% to 34.1%]) of overweight/obese adolescents had MetS. Our definition of pediatric MetS, designed to be closely analogous to ATP III, found MetS is common in adolescents and has a similar racial/ethnic distribution to adults in this representative national sample. Because childhood MetS likely tracks into adulthood, early identification may help target interventions to improve future cardiovascular health.