For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
1
views
7
references
 Top references
cited by
1
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      167
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Active and latent TB screening in recently arrived persons from Afghanistan: feasibility and lessons learned

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          We describe an active and latent tuberculosis (TB) screening programme undertaken in Manchester, UK in response to the arrival of a cohort of refugees from Afghanistan. In total, 217 adults and 347 children were offered screening, which involved a symptom questionnaire, Mantoux test or interferon gamma release assay, blood-borne virus screening and a chest X-ray in participants over the age of 11. We found a latent TB infection (LTBI) rate of 15% in adults and 1.5% in children, which is lower than global LTBI estimates. One case of active TB was detected. Screening was undertaken in the hotels where participants were temporarily housed, leading to high participant engagement levels. Attendance rates were almost doubled compared with a previous hospital-based screening programme. Hotel-based screening for TB presented several challenges, including transfer of information and results to secondary care. Understanding these challenges and learning from the programme has helped us refine our screening protocol to optimise migrant TB screening in Manchester in the future.

          Related collections

          Most cited references7

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The global prevalence of latent tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

          Adam Cohen, Victor Dahl Mathiasen, Thomas Schön … (2019)
          In 1999, the WHO estimated that one-third of the world's population had latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) which was recently updated to one-fourth. However, this is still based on controversial assumptions in combination with tuberculin skin test (TST) surveys. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) with a higher specificity than TST have since been widely implemented, but never used to estimate the global LTBI prevalence. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of LTBI estimates based on both IGRA and TST results published between 2005 and 2018. Regional and global estimates of LTBI prevalence were calculated. Stratification was performed for low, intermediate and high TB incidence countries and a pooled estimate for each area was calculated using a random effects model. Among 3280 studies screened, we included 88 studies from 36 countries with 41 IGRA (n=67 167) and 67 TST estimates (n=284 644). The global prevalence of LTBI was 24.8% (95% CI: 19.7–30.0%) and 21.2% (95% CI: 17.9–24.4%) based on IGRA and a 10 mm TST cut-off respectively. The prevalence estimates correlated well to WHO incidence rates (Rs=0.70, p<0.001). In the first study of the global prevalence of LTBI derived from both IGRA and TST surveys, we found that one-fourth of the world's population is infected. This is of relevance as both tests, although imperfect, are used to identify individuals eligible for preventive therapy. Enhanced efforts are needed targeting the large pool of latently infected as these individuals continuously constitutes an enormous source of potential active TB.
          Article 0 comments Cited 158 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children

            David Lewinsohn, Michael K. Leonard, Philip A. LoBue … (2017)
            Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]). Tuberculosis disease is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet many questions related to its diagnosis remain.
            Article 0 comments Cited 133 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Tuberculosis screening of migrants to low-burden nations: insights from evaluation of UK practice.

              Adamu I. Abubakar, G Garnett, Andrew J. P. White … (2011)
              Tuberculosis (TB) primarily occurs in the foreign-born in European countries, such as the UK, where increasing notifications and the high proportion of foreign-born cases has refocused attention on immigrant (new entrant) screening. We investigated how UK primary care organisations (PCOs) screen new entrants and whether this differs according to TB burden in the PCOs (incidence < 20 or ≥ 20 cases per 100,000 per annum). An anonymous, 20-point questionnaire was sent to all 192 UK PCOs asking which new entrants are screened, who is screened for active TB/latent TB infection (LTBI) and the methods used. Descriptive analyses were undertaken. Categorical responses were compared using the Chi-squared test. 177 (92.2%) out of 192 PCOs responded; all undertook screening action in response to abnormal chest radiographs, but only 107 (60.4%) screened new entrants for LTBI. Few new entrants had active TB diagnosed (median 0.0%, interquartile range (IQR) 0.0-0.5%) but more were identified with LTBI (median 7.85%, IQR 4.30-13.50%). High-burden PCOs were significantly less likely to screen new entrants for LTBI (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12-0.54; p<0.0001). Among PCOs screening for LTBI, there was substantial deviation from national guidance in selection of new entrant subgroups and screening method. Considerable heterogeneity and deviation from national guidance exist throughout the UK new entrant screening process, with high-burden regions undertaking the least screening. Forming an accurate picture of current front-line practice will help to inform future development of European new entrant screening policy.
              Article 0 comments Cited 23 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Laura Macfarlane: Role: ST7 registrar in respiratory medicine and general internal medicine
                Seema Brij: Role: consultant respiratory physician
                Fran Child: Role: consultant in paediatric respiratory medicine
                Louise Turnbull: Role: consultant in paediatric respiratory medicine
                Alice Lee: Role: paediatric registrar
                Manuela Barrera: Role: consultant in infectious diseases
                Celia Hogan: Role: consultant in infectious diseases
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Med (Lond)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Med (Lond)
                Title: Clinical Medicine
                Publisher: Royal College of Physicians
                ISSN (Print): 1470-2118
                ISSN (Electronic): 1473-4893
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 April 2024
                Publication date Collection: March 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 April 2024
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 164-169
                Affiliations
                [A ]Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
                [B ]Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
                [C ]Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
                [D ]North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Address for correspondence: Laura Macfarlane, Department of Infectious Diseases, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Rd, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT. laura.macfarlane@ 123456nhs.net
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1470-2118(24)04633-5
                DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-0327
                PMC ID: 11046555
                SO-VID: 315ef48d-7b6c-49ff-8a07-120b8a95cb6c
                Copyright © © 2023 © 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Limited on behalf of the Royal College of Physicians.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Quality Improvement

                Keywords: latent tb screening,tb screening,refugee and migrant health
                Data availability:
                Keywords: latent tb screening, tb screening, refugee and migrant health

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content167

                See all similar

                Cited by1

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors129

                See all reference authors