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      Preliminary study of Korean orthodontic residents' current concepts and knowledge of cleft lip and palate management

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          Abstract

          Objective

          A national survey was conducted to assess orthodontic residents' current concepts and knowledge of cleft lip and palate (CLP) management in Korea.

          Methods

          A questionnaire consisting of 7 categories and 36 question items was distributed to 16 senior chief residents of orthodontic department at 11 dental university hospitals and 5 medical university hospitals in Korea. All respondents completed the questionnaires and returned them.

          Results

          All of the respondents reported that they belonged to an interdisciplinary team. Nineteen percent indicated that they use presurgical infant orthopedic (PSIO) appliances. The percentage of respondents who reported they were 'unsure' about the methods about for cleft repair operation method was relatively high. Eighty-six percent reported that the orthodontic treatment was started at the deciduous or mixed dentition. Various answers were given regarding the amount of maxillary expansion for alveolar bone graft and the estimates of spontaneous or forced eruption of the upper canine. Sixty-seven percent reported use of a rapid maxillary expansion appliance as an anchorage device for maxillary protraction with a facemask. There was consensus among respondents regarding daily wearing time, duration of treatment, and amount of orthopedic force. Various estimates were given for the relapse percentage after maxillary advancement distraction osteogenesis (MADO). Most respondents did not have sufficient experience with MADO.

          Conclusions

          These findings suggest that education about the concepts and methods of PSIO and surgical repair, consensus regarding orthodontic management protocols, and additional MADO experience are needed in order to improve the quality of CLP management in Korean orthodontic residents.

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          Most cited references23

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          Long-term skeletal stability after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis using a rigid external distraction device in cleft maxillary deformities.

          Rigid external distraction is a highly effective technique for correction of maxillary hypoplasia in patients with orofacial clefts. The clinical results after correction of sagittal maxillary deformities in both the adult and pediatric age groups have been stable. The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal cephalometric study was to review the long-term stability of the repositioned maxilla in cleft patients who underwent maxillary advancement with rigid external distraction. Between April 1, 1995, and April 1, 1999, 17 consecutive patients with cleft maxillary hypoplasia underwent maxillary advancement using rigid external distraction. There were 13 male patients and four female patients, with ages ranging from 5.2 to 23.6 years (mean, 12.6 years). After a modified complete high Le Fort I osteotomy and a latency period of 3 to 5 days, patients underwent maxillary advancement with rigid external distraction until proper facial convexity and dental overjet and overbite were obtained. After active distraction, a 3- to 4-week period of rigid retention was undertaken; this was followed by removable elastic retention for 6 to 8 weeks using, during sleep time, an orthodontic protraction face mask. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained preoperatively, after distraction, at 1 year after distraction, and 2 or more years after distraction. The mean follow-up was 3.3 years (minimum, 2.1 years; maximum, 5.3 years). The following measurements were obtained in each cephalogram: three linear horizontal and two linear vertical maxillary measurements, two angular craniomaxillary measurements, and one craniomandibular measurement. Differences between the preoperative and postoperative cephalometric values were analyzed by paired t tests (p < 0.05). The cephalometric analysis demonstrated postoperatively significant advancement of the maxilla. In addition, the mandibular plane angle opened 1.2 degrees after surgery. After the 1- to 3-year follow-up period, the maxilla was stable in the sagittal plane. Minimal anteroposterior growth was observed in the maxilla compared with that exhibited in the anterior cranial base. However, there was significant vertical maxillary growth over the 3-year observation period. The mandibular plane angle tended to decrease during the follow-up period. The cephalometric data from this study support the clinical impression of maxillary stability after maxillary advancement with rigid external distraction in cleft patients. This effective and stable technique is now considered for all pediatric patients with severe cleft maxillary hypoplasia and for adolescent and adult patients with moderate to severe deformities.
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            Maxillary growth controversies after two-stage palatal repair with delayed hard palate closure in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: perspectives from literature and personal experience.

            H Friede (2007)
            To analyze published papers dealing with delayed hard palate repair within a two-stage palatal surgery protocol in treatment of cleft lip and palate. Timing of the procedures, methods used, as well as growth results were considered. By utilizing this information in relation to knowledge about normal maxillary development, efforts were made to explain differences in growth outcome between different investigations. Particularly, follow-up reports of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients with records up to at least 10 years of age were studied. Most papers reported an excellent or very good maxillary growth outcome after their delayed hard palate closure protocols. Where unsatisfactory results were published, reasonable explanations were found accounting for why the method had failed the expectation of good maxillary growth. Based on the published reports and the experience from a cleft team where the studied protocol has been practiced since 1975, recommendation for method as well as timing for the two-stage protocol is laid out in some detail.
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              Secondary bone graft and eruption of the permanent canine in patients with alveolar clefts: literature review and case report.

              This paper emphasizes the important role that secondary bone grafting plays on the treatment of patients with alveolar clefts. The authors present a literature review and, based on panoramic radiographs, retrospectively and longitudinally analyze the behavior of permanent canines after completion of secondary bone grafting in 50 patients at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Twelve patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus and 38 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (n = 50) had undergone bone grafts to repair their residual alveolar clefts before the eruption of their permanent canines. These patients were observed over an average period of 3 years. In 94% of the sample (47 patients), the permanent canines presented intra-alveolar movement toward the oral cavity. In 72% of those 47 patients (36 patients), the permanent canines spontaneously erupted through the grafted area. In 6% of the 47 patients (3 patients), the permanent canines required orthodontic traction.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Korean J Orthod
                Korean J Orthod
                KJOD
                Korean Journal of Orthodontics
                Korean Association of Orthodontists
                2234-7518
                2005-372X
                June 2012
                28 June 2012
                : 42
                : 3
                : 100-109
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
                [b ]Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Seung-Hak Baek. Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea. Tel +82-2-2072-3952, drwhite@ 123456unitel.co.kr
                Article
                10.4041/kjod.2012.42.3.100
                3481977
                23112940
                3282bde8-022b-4e62-b48f-d7f8f639b1d7
                © 2012 The Korean Association of Orthodontists.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 March 2012
                : 25 April 2012
                : 03 May 2012
                Categories
                Original Article

                Dentistry
                orthodontic training programs,cleft lip and palate management,korea
                Dentistry
                orthodontic training programs, cleft lip and palate management, korea

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