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      Leishmaniose em cães domésticos: aspectos epidemiológicos Translated title: Leishmaniasis in domestic dogs: epidemiological aspects

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          Abstract

          Em Barra de Guaratiba, área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA) no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, as campanhas de controle não têm sido capazes de reduzir a infecção canina. Este fato nos levou a aprofundar o estudo do cão como reservatório da Leishmania chagasi em ambiente periurbano, através de acompanhamento clínico e sorológico usando as técnicas de IFA e WB. O reconhecimento dos peptideos de 29 e 32kDa por soro de cães comprovadamente infectados por L. chagasi foi observado. Além disso, somente soros de cães sintomáticos reconheceram o antígeno de 68,5kDa, podendo esse peptídeo ser recomendado como parâmetro para eliminação dos cães em área endêmica. A técnica de WB provou ser mais sensível que IFA, desde que as frações peptídicas de 29 e 32kDa foram reconhecidas por soro de cães soronegativos para LVA, até 8 meses antes da soroconversão pelo IFA. A proximidade da mata foi fator relevante para aumentar o risco de infecção por L. chagasi nos cães, possivelmente devido à presença de reservatórios silvestres.

          Translated abstract

          In Barra de Guaratiba, an endemic area for American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, control campaigns were unable to reduce canine infection rates. This difficulty prompted an in-depth study of dogs as a reservoir for Leishmania chagasi in the peri-urban environment through clinical and serological follow-up using the immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques. Recognition of 29kDa and 32kDa peptides by sera from dogs with proven L. chagasi infection was observed. Furthermore, only sera from symptomatic dogs recognized the 68.5kDa antigen, so the latter should be considered a parameter for culling dogs from endemic areas. The WB technique proved to be more sensitive than IFA, since the 29 and 32kDa peptide fractions were even recognized by sera from AVL seronegative dogs up to 8 months before IFA seroconversion. Proximity to wooded areas was an important risk factor for L. chagasi infection in dogs, possibly due to the presence of wild reservoirs.

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          Fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of American trypanosomiasis. Technical modification employing preserved culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in a slide test.

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            Fluorescent antibody teste for the diagnosis of American Trypanosomiasis: Technical modification employing preserved culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in a slide test

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              Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessment of risk factors

              Barra de Guaratiba is a coastal area of the city of Rio de Janeiro where American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is endemic. Although control measures including killing of dogs and use of insecticides have been applied at this locality, the canine seroprevalence remains at 25% and during 1995 and 1997 eight autochthonous human cases were notified. In order to evaluate factors related to the increase of the risk for Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs we have screened 365 dogs by anti-Leishmania immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and captured sandflies in the domestic and peridomestic environment. Some variables related to the infection were assessed by uni- and multivariate analysis. The distance of the residence from the forest border, its altitude and the presence of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis in the backyard, were found predictor factors for L. (L.) chagasi infection in dogs in Barra de Guaratiba. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the peridomestic environment indicates the possibility of appearence of new human cases. Our data also suggest the presence of a sylvatic enzootic cycle at this locality.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                February 2005
                : 21
                : 1
                : 324-328
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brasil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [3 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brasil
                Article
                S0102-311X2005000100036
                10.1590/S0102-311X2005000100036
                3298e1b8-de0b-4cad-a535-84d8310d2fe5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Visceral Leishmaniasis,Dogs,Fluorescent Antibody Technique,Western Blot,Leishmaniose Visceral,Cães,Imunofluorescência

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